ADSL Standards, Implementation, and Architecture,9780849395956

ADSL Standards, Implementation, and Architecture

by ;
ISBN13: 9780849395956
ISBN10: 084939595X
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 1999-06-21
Publisher(s): CRC Press
List Price: $185.00

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Summary

With its promise of high speed Internet access, Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) techniques are now making their way out of the laboratory and into the general consumer market. This creates the need for telecommunications professionals to have not just an awareness of the technology, but an in-depth understanding of its workings, its potential, and its applications.ADSL: Standards, Implementation, and Architecture provides this knowledge with a detailed treatment of current ADSL standards along with overviews of the implementation, marketing, and architectural issues involved in the rollout of ADSL technology. Beginning with an overview of analog and digital communication-including the difficulties of using existing lines for new services-the author discusses the various types of xDSL transmission methods, the specific transmission, equipment, and hardware requirements of ADSL, and devotes considerable attention to the protocols-ATM, Ethernet, and TCP/IP-used in conjunction with ADSL. The final chapter pulls together all of the aspects of ADSL to address software architecture issues, such as nesting protocols, coordinating signaling control with data processes, special real-time issues, and strategies for the migration to ADSL and beyond.As a collection of topics, ADSL: Standards, Implementation, and Architecture explains why and how ADSL will take its place within the family of data transmission protocols used around the world. It serves as a primary resource for telecommunications professionals who need to know more about ADSL and how they can use it. It also provides technical managers and manufacturers with the ideal reference for an overview of the technology and how it might be applicable to their needs.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements xi(2)
Acronyms and Abbreviations xiii(4)
Introduction xvii
1 Analog and Digital Communication
1(20)
1.1 Communication Forms
1(4)
1.1.1 Analog
2(1)
1.1.2 Digital Transmission Coding
3(2)
1.2 Transmission Media
5(2)
1.2.1 Copper Wiring
6(1)
1.2.2 Other Transmission Media
6(1)
1.3 Switching and Routing
7(5)
1.3.1 Basics of Switching
8(1)
1.3.2 Circuit-switches and Packet-switches
9(2)
1.3.3 Routers
11(1)
1.3.3.1 LANs and WANs
11(1)
1.3.3.2 Functions of the Router
12(1)
1.4 Multiplexing
12(1)
1.5 Infrastructure Limits
13(4)
1.5.1 Distance Limitations on Local Loops
15(1)
1.5.2 Loading Coils
15(1)
1.5.3 Repeaters, Amplifiers, and Line Extenders
16(1)
1.5.4 Bridged Taps
16(1)
1.5.5 Digital Loop Carriers (DLCs)
16(1)
1.5.6 Summary
17(1)
1.6 Bottlenecks
17(4)
1.6.1 Host I/O Capacity
17(1)
1.6.2 Access Line Capacity
18(1)
1.6.3 Long-distance Line Capacity
19(1)
1.6.4 Network Saturation
19(1)
1.6.5 Server Access Line and Performance
19(1)
1.6.6 Summary
19(2)
2 The xDSL Family of Protocols
21(26)
2.1 From Digital to Analog
21(1)
2.2 Digital Modems
22(1)
2.3 The ITU-T, ADSL, and ISDN
23(1)
2.4 ADSL Standardization
24(3)
2.4.1 Standards Bodies
25(1)
2.4.2 ADSL Standards Bodies
25(1)
2.4.2.1 ADSL Forum and UAWG
26(1)
2.4.2.2 ANSI
26(1)
2.4.2.3 ETSI
27(1)
2.4.2.4 ITU-T
27(1)
2.5 The xDSL Family of Protocols
27(18)
2.5.1 56K Modems
31(1)
2.5.2 BRI ISDN (DSL)
31(1)
2.5.2.1 Physical Layer
32(3)
2.5.2.2 Switching Protocol
35(2)
2.5.2.3 Data Protocols
37(1)
2.5.3 IDSL
37(1)
2.5.4 HDSL/HDSL2
38(2)
2.5.4.1 Signaling Using Channel Associated Signaling
40(1)
2.5.4.2 Signaling Using Primary Rate Interface ISDN
41(1)
2.5.4.3 HDSL2 or SHDSL
41(1)
2.5.5 SDSL
42(1)
2.5.6 ADSL/RADSL
42(1)
2.5.7 CDSL/ADSL "Lite"
43(2)
2.5.8 VDSL
45(1)
2.6 Summary of the xDSL Family
45(2)
3 The ADSL Physical Layer Protocol
47(20)
3.1 CAP/QAM
47(2)
3.2 Discrete Multitone
49(1)
3.3 ANSI T1.413
50(12)
3.3.1 Bearer Channels
51(4)
3.3.2 ADSL Superframe Structure
55(2)
3.3.2.1 Fast Data and Interleaved Data
57(1)
3.3.2.2 Fast Byte
58(1)
3.3.2.3 Sync Byte and sc Bits
58(1)
3.3.2.4 Indicator Bits
58(2)
3.3.2.5 CRC bits
60(1)
3.3.3 Embedded Operations Control
60(2)
3.4 ADSL "Lite"
62(2)
3.5 ATU-R Versus ATU-C
64(1)
3.6 DSLAM Components
64(3)
4 Architectural Components for Implementation
67(15)
4.1 Open Systems Interconnection Model (OSI)
67(6)
4.1.1 Layer 1 (Physical Layer)
68(1)
4.1.2 Layer 2 (Data Link Layer)
69(1)
4.1.3 Layer 3 (Network Layer)
70(1)
4.1.4 Layer 4 (Transport Layer)
71(1)
4.1.5 Upper Layers
71(1)
4.1.6 Interlayer Primitives
72(1)
4.1.7 Protocol Modularity
72(1)
4.2 Hardware Components and Interactions
73(4)
4.2.1 Interface Chip
74(1)
4.2.2 Physical Layer Semiconductors
75(1)
4.2.3 System Configuration Design
75(1)
4.2.3.1 Host-controlled Systems
76(1)
4.2.3.2 Coprocessor Systems
77(1)
4.2.3.3 Standalone Systems
77(1)
4.3 Protocol Stack Considerations
77(2)
4.3.1 Signaling
77(1)
4.3.2 Interworking
78(1)
4.3.3 Stack Combinations
78(1)
4.4 Application Access
79(3)
4.4.1 Host Access
79(1)
4.4.2 Control Systems
80(2)
5 Hardware Access and Interactions
82(16)
5.1 Semiconductor Access
82(5)
5.1.1 Memory Maps
84(1)
5.1.2 I/O Requests
84(1)
5.1.3 Registers
84(1)
5.1.4 Indirect Register Access
85(1)
5.1.5 Data Movement
85(1)
5.1.5.1 FIFOs
85(1)
5.1.5.2 Buffer Descriptors
86(1)
5.2 Low-Level Drivers
87(2)
5.2.1 Primitive Interfaces
88(1)
5.2.2 Interrupt Servicing and Command Handling
88(1)
5.2.3 Synchronous and Asynchronous Messages
88(1)
5.3 State Machines
89(5)
5.3.1 States
89(1)
5.3.2 Events
90(1)
5.3.3 Actions
91(1)
5.3.4 State Machine Specifications
91(1)
5.3.5 Methods of Implementation
92(1)
5.3.6 Example of a Simple State Machine
92(2)
5.4 ADSL Chipset Interface Example
94(4)
6 Signaling, Routing, and Connectivity
98(10)
6.1 Signaling Methods
98(4)
6.1.1 Analog Devices
98(3)
6.1.2 Channel Associated Signaling (CAS)
101(1)
6.1.3 Q.921/Q.931 Variants
101(1)
6.2 Routing Methods
102(3)
6.2.1 Internet Protocol
103(1)
6.2.2 Permanent Virtual Circuits
104(1)
6.2.2.1 ATM Cells
104(1)
6.2.2.2 Frame Relay
105(1)
6.3 Signaling Within the DSLAM
105(3)
7 ATM Over ADSL
108(21)
7.1 B-ISDN (ATM) History, Specifications, and Bearer Services
108(2)
7.1.1 Broadband Bearer Services
108(1)
7.1.2 Specific Interactive and Distribution Services
109(1)
7.2 B-ISDN OSI Layers
110(1)
7.3 ATM Physical Layer
111(1)
7.4 ATM Layer
111(5)
7.4.1 ATM Cell Formats
113(2)
7.4.2 Virtual Paths and VIrtual Channels
115(1)
7.5 ATM Adaptation Layer
116(4)
7.5.1 AAL Type 1
118(1)
7.5.2 AAL Type 5
118(2)
7.6 ATM Signaling
120(6)
7.6.1 Lower Layer Access
120(1)
7.6.2 General Signaling Architecture
120(1)
7.6.2.1 User-side States
121(1)
7.6.2.2 Network-side States
122(1)
7.6.3 B-ISDN Message Set
123(2)
7.6.4 Information Elements
125(1)
7.7 Summary of ATM Signaling
126(1)
7.8 System Network Architecture Group (SNAG)
126(3)
8 Frame Relay, TCP/IP, and Proprietary Protocols
129(19)
8.1 Frame Relay
129(9)
8.1.1 Frame Relay Data Link Layer
130(1)
8.1.2 Link Access Protocol for Frame Relay
131(1)
8.1.2.1 Address Field
131(2)
8.1.2.2 Congestion Control
133(1)
8.1.2.3 Control Field
134(1)
8.1.3 Data Link Core Primitives
134(2)
8.1.4 Network Layer Signaling for Frame Relay
136(1)
8.1.5 MultiProtocol Over Frame Relay
137(1)
8.2 Internet Protocol
138(3)
8.2.1 The Data Link Layer
138(1)
8.2.2 IP Datagrams
139(2)
8.3 Transmission Control Protocol
141(3)
8.3.1 TCP Virtual Circuits
142(1)
8.3.2 TCP Header Fields
142(2)
8.3.3 TCP Features
144(1)
8.4 Proprietary Protocol Requirements
144(4)
8.4.1 Data Integrity
144(1)
8.4.2 Data Identification
145(1)
8.4.3 Data Acknowledgement
145(1)
8.4.4 Data Recovery
146(1)
8.4.5 Data Protocol
146(2)
9 Host Access
148(12)
9.1 Ethernet
148(7)
9.1.1 History
149(1)
9.1.2 OSI Model Layer Equivalents
149(1)
9.1.3 The Medium Access Control (MAC)
150(2)
9.1.4 The Ethernet Frame
152(2)
9.1.5 Physical Medium and Protocols
154(1)
9.1.6 MAC Bridges
154(1)
9.2 Universal Serial Bus
155(2)
9.2.1 Goals of the USB
155(1)
9.2.2 USB Architecture
156(1)
9.3 Motherboard Support
157(3)
9.3.1 Data Bus Extension
157(1)
9.3.2 Microprocessor Direct Access
158(2)
10 Architectural Issues and Other Concerns
160(13)
10.1 Multi-Protocol Stacks
160(5)
10.1.1 Architectural Choices
160(1)
10.1.2 Software Implementation
161(1)
10.1.2.1 "Physical Layer" Replacement
162(1)
10.1.2.2 Coordination Tasks
163(1)
10.1.2.3 Data Structure Use
164(1)
10.2 Signaling
165(1)
10.3 Standardization
165(1)
10.4 Real-Time Issues
166(1)
10.4.1 Bottlenecks
166(1)
10.5 Migration Needs and Strategies
167(3)
10.5.1 Replacement of Long-Distance Infrastructure
168(1)
10.5.2 FTTN, FTTC, and VDSL
168(2)
10.6 Summary of Issues and Options
170(3)
References and Selected Bibliography 173(4)
ITU-Rcommendations 173(1)
Other Technical References 174(1)
Selected Internet Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) 175(1)
Selected Bibliography 175(2)
Index 177

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