Environmental Geology
by Knodel, Klaus; Lange, Gerhard; Voigt, Hans-jurgen; Abel, Thekla (CON); Altfelder, Sven (CON)Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2008-01-01
Publisher(s): Springer Nature
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Summary
This illustrated handbook describes a broad spectrum of methods in the fields of remote sensing, geophysics, geology, hydrogeology, geochemistry, and microbiology designed to investigate landfill, mining and industrial sites. The descriptions provide information about the principle of the methods, applications and fundamentals. This handbook also deals with the stepwise procedure for investigating sites and common problems faced in efficient implementation of field operations.
Table of Contents
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Preparatory Steps and Common Problems | p. 11 |
| Placing of Orders and Order Handling | p. 11 |
| Collection and Use of Existing Data | p. 12 |
| Information Campaign and Permit Application | p. 14 |
| Mobilization and Demobilization | p. 16 |
| Land Surveying | p. 17 |
| Quality Assurance and Reporting | p. 21 |
| Remote Sensing | p. 23 |
| Aerial Photography | p. 23 |
| Principle of the Methods | p. 23 |
| Applications | p. 24 |
| Fundamentals | p. 25 |
| Instruments and Film | p. 27 |
| Survey Practice | p. 34 |
| Interpretation of Aerial Photographs | p. 36 |
| Quality Assurance | p. 43 |
| Personnel, Equipment, Time Needed | p. 46 |
| Examples | p. 47 |
| Photogrammetry | p. 73 |
| Principle of the Methods | p. 73 |
| Applications | p. 74 |
| Fundamentals | p. 74 |
| Instruments | p. 81 |
| Survey Practice | p. 82 |
| Processing and Interpretation of Data | p. 82 |
| Quality Assurance | p. 85 |
| Personnel, Equipment, Time Needed | p. 86 |
| Examples | p. 86 |
| Nonphotographic Imaging from Aircraft and Space-borne Platforms | p. 97 |
| Principle of the Methods | p. 97 |
| Applications | p. 99 |
| Fundamentals | p. 100 |
| Instruments | p. 115 |
| Survey Practice | p. 124 |
| Processing and Interpretation of Data | p. 125 |
| Quality Assurance | p. 134 |
| Personnel, Equipment, Time Needed | p. 136 |
| Examples | p. 137 |
| Geophysics | p. 161 |
| Magnetic Methods | p. 161 |
| Principle of the Methods | p. 161 |
| Applications | p. 162 |
| Fundamentals | p. 162 |
| Instruments | p. 168 |
| Survey Practice | p. 170 |
| Processing and Interpretation of the Measured Data | p. 171 |
| Quality Assurance | p. 174 |
| Personnel, Equipment, Time Needed | p. 175 |
| Examples | p. 176 |
| Gravity Methods | p. 185 |
| Principle of the Methods | p. 185 |
| Applications | p. 186 |
| Fundamentals | p. 186 |
| Instruments | p. 191 |
| Survey Practice | p. 192 |
| Processing and Interpretation of the Measured Data | p. 195 |
| Quality Assurance | p. 197 |
| Personnel, Equipment, Time Needed | p. 198 |
| Examples | p. 199 |
| Direct Current Resistivity Methods | p. 205 |
| Principle of the Methods | p. 205 |
| Applications | p. 207 |
| Fundamentals | p. 207 |
| Instruments | p. 215 |
| Survey Practice | p. 216 |
| Processing and Interpretation of Measured Data | p. 221 |
| Quality Assurance | p. 225 |
| Personnel, Equipment, Time Needed | p. 227 |
| Examples | p. 228 |
| Electromagnetic Methods | p. 239 |
| Principle of the Methods | p. 239 |
| Applications | p. 243 |
| Fundamentals | p. 243 |
| Instruments | p. 255 |
| Survey Practice | p. 260 |
| Processing and Interpretation of Measured Data | p. 263 |
| Quality Assurance | p. 266 |
| Personnel, Equipment, Time Needed | p. 269 |
| Examples | p. 270 |
| Ground Penetrating Radar | p. 283 |
| Principle of the Methods | p. 283 |
| Applications | p. 285 |
| Fundamentals | p. 286 |
| Instruments | p. 297 |
| Survey Practice | p. 300 |
| Processing, Presentation and Interpretation of the Measured Data | p. 302 |
| Quality Assurance | p. 303 |
| Personnel, Equipment, Time Needed | p. 304 |
| Examples | p. 305 |
| Special Applications and New Developments | p. 316 |
| Seismic Methods | p. 337 |
| Principle of the Methods | p. 337 |
| Applications | p. 340 |
| Fundamentals | p. 341 |
| Propagation of Elastic Waves | p. 341 |
| Elastic Parameters and Seismic Velocities | p. 343 |
| Reflection, Transmission and Diffraction | p. 347 |
| Surface Waves | p. 350 |
| Seismic Resolution | p. 352 |
| Instruments | p. 354 |
| Seismic Sources | p. 354 |
| Seismic Sensors | p. 359 |
| Seismic Recording Instruments | p. 362 |
| Seismic Refraction Surveying | p. 363 |
| Principle of the Method | p. 363 |
| Survey Practice | p. 364 |
| Processing and Interpretation | p. 365 |
| Personnel, Equipment, Time Needed | p. 369 |
| Seismic Reflection Surveying | p. 369 |
| Principle of the Method | p. 369 |
| Survey Practice | p. 373 |
| Processing and Interpretation of Measured Data | p. 376 |
| Quality Assurance | p. 382 |
| Personnel, Equipment and Time Needed | p. 383 |
| Borehole Seismic Methods | p. 384 |
| Principle of the Methods | p. 384 |
| Applications | p. 384 |
| Fundamentals | p. 385 |
| Instruments | p. 386 |
| Survey Practice | p. 386 |
| Processing and Interpretation of Measured Data | p. 387 |
| Quality Assurance | p. 387 |
| Personnel, Equipment, Time Needed | p. 388 |
| Examples | p. 388 |
| Surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance | p. 403 |
| Principle of the Method | p. 403 |
| Applications | p. 404 |
| Fundamentals | p. 404 |
| Instruments | p. 408 |
| Survey Practice | p. 410 |
| Processing and Interpretation of the Measured Data | p. 413 |
| Quality Assurance | p. 415 |
| Personnel, Equipment, Time Needed | p. 416 |
| Examples | p. 416 |
| Borehole Logging | p. 431 |
| Principle of the Methods | p. 431 |
| Applications | p. 433 |
| Slimhole Logging Equipment and Logging Methods | p. 434 |
| Radioactivity Logging Methods | p. 436 |
| Electrical Methods | p. 438 |
| Electromagnetic Methods | p. 440 |
| Acoustic Methods | p. 440 |
| Optical Methods | p. 441 |
| Methods for Determining the Properties of Drilling Fluids (Fluid Logs) | p. 441 |
| Methods for Determining Borehole Properties | p. 443 |
| Survey Practice, Personnel, Equipment, Time Needed | p. 443 |
| Quality Assurance | p. 447 |
| Processing and Interpretation of the Logging Data and Examples | p. 449 |
| Expected Future Developments | p. 470 |
| Geophysical In-situ Groundwater and Soil Monitoring | p. 475 |
| Principle of the Methods | p. 475 |
| Applications | p. 477 |
| Fundamentals | p. 478 |
| Environmental Parameters | p. 478 |
| Optical Spectroscopy | p. 481 |
| EM Monitoring | p. 484 |
| Instruments | p. 488 |
| Field work | p. 492 |
| Processing | p. 493 |
| Quality Assurance | p. 494 |
| Personnel, Equipment, Time Needed | p. 494 |
| Examples | p. 495 |
| Geological, Hydrogeological, Geochemical and Microbiological Investigations | p. 507 |
| Methods for Characterizing the Geological Setting | p. 507 |
| Geologic Field Observations | p. 511 |
| Trenching | p. 519 |
| Drilling | p. 524 |
| Direct Push Technology | p. 540 |
| Methods for Characterizing the Hydrologic and Hydraulic Conditions | p. 567 |
| Precipitation | p. 569 |
| Evaporation and Evapotranspiration | p. 581 |
| Runoff | p. 590 |
| Infiltration | p. 603 |
| Groundwater Recharge | p. 612 |
| Groundwater Monitoring | p. 619 |
| Determination of Hydraulic Parameters | p. 643 |
| Infiltrometer and Permeameter Tests | p. 649 |
| Pumping Tests | p. 681 |
| Laboratory Methods | p. 711 |
| Methods for Characterizing the Geochemical and Microbiological Conditions | p. 749 |
| Sampling and Analysis of Groundwater and Surface Water | p. 758 |
| Planning and Preparation of Work | p. 759 |
| Groundwater Sampling | p. 768 |
| Groundwater Analysis | p. 778 |
| Sampling and Analysis of Soil, Rock, Stream and Lacustrine Sediments | p. 785 |
| Planning and Preparation of Work | p. 786 |
| Sampling of Soil, Rock, Stream and Lacustrine Sediments | p. 790 |
| Analysis of Soil, Rock, Stream and Lacustrine Sediments | p. 797 |
| Sampling and Analysis of Soil Gas and Landfill Gas | p. 807 |
| Planning and Preparation of Work | p. 810 |
| Sampling and Analysis of Soil Gas and Landfill Gas | p. 811 |
| Methods for Chemical Analysis used in Geochemical Investigations | p. 816 |
| Laboratory Methods for the Determination of Migration Parameters | p. 823 |
| Basic Theory of Sorption | p. 824 |
| Basic Theory of Transport | p. 830 |
| Sampling and Preparation of Soil or Sediment for the Determination of Migration Parameter Values | p. 831 |
| Batch Tests | p. 832 |
| Column Experiments | p. 838 |
| Clays and Clay Minerals | p. 849 |
| Cation Exchange Capacity | p. 853 |
| Carbonates | p. 862 |
| Iron and Manganese Oxides | p. 867 |
| Organic Carbon | p. 871 |
| Methods to Evaluate Biodegradation at Contaminated Sites | p. 876 |
| Microbial Processes in the Subsurface | p. 877 |
| Assessment Methods | p. 883 |
| Case Studies | p. 892 |
| Interpretation of Geological, Hydrogeological, and Geochemical Results | p. 941 |
| Statistical Methods | p. 941 |
| Univariate Statistics | p. 942 |
| Multivariate Statistics | p. 952 |
| Time Series Analysis | p. 958 |
| Geostatistics and Interpolation of Spatial Data | p. 959 |
| Specific Tests of Hydrogeochemical Data | p. 960 |
| Conceptual Model | p. 962 |
| Groundwater Flow Modeling | p. 1001 |
| Fundamentals of Groundwater Flow Modeling | p. 1002 |
| Programs | p. 1009 |
| Guide for Construction and Use of a Groundwater Model | p. 1014 |
| Contaminant Transport Modeling | p. 1020 |
| Fundamentals of Transport Modeling | p. 1021 |
| Model Application | p. 1041 |
| Integration of Investigation Results | p. 1053 |
| Data Fusion | p. 1054 |
| Reprocessing and New Data Presentation | p. 1055 |
| Geographic Information Systems | p. 1061 |
| Fundamentals | p. 1063 |
| Hardware, Network, Software, and Manpower | p. 1067 |
| Data Acquisition and Analysis | p. 1072 |
| Examples | p. 1075 |
| Other Data Fusion Examples | p. 1091 |
| Joint Interpretation | p. 1099 |
| Qualitative and Semiquantitative Approach | p. 1099 |
| Quantitative Approach | p. 1150 |
| Joint Quantitative Interpretation of Several Geophysical Measurements and Core Analysis Results | p. 1050 |
| Joint Inversion | p. 1059 |
| Joint Interpretation Using Statistical Methods | p. 1063 |
| Glossary | p. 1195 |
| Abbreviations | p. 1319 |
| Units of Measure | p. 1333 |
| SI Prefixes | p. 1335 |
| None SI Units | p. 1335 |
| Physical Constants | p. 1336 |
| Mathematical Symbols and Constants | p. 1337 |
| Subject Index | p. 1339 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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