Essentials of Biological Chemistry,9780471489047

Essentials of Biological Chemistry

by ;
Edition: 1st
ISBN13: 9780471489047
ISBN10: 0471489042
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2001-02-08
Publisher(s): WILEY
List Price: $371.72

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Summary

Essentials of Biological Chemistry is an introduction to this exciting and rapidly developing field of the chemistry of biologically active compounds. Assuming little in the way of biological knowledge, this text aims to develop students' understanding of how biological processes are controlled by underlying chemical principles. Taking a mechanistic approach, the book starts with the basics and carefully leads the reader through the essentials of the field. It begins by looking at biological systems and the physical chemistry of the cell, and then moves on to cover protein structure and function and catalytic proteins, and concludes with a number of case studies. Each chapter is carefully structured, and includes examples, summaries, self-test questions and problems.

Author Biography

<B>Lorraine Buckberry</B>, De Montefort University, Leicester, UK <BR> <B>Paul Teesdale</B>, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand

Table of Contents

Preface xiii
Abbreviations xv
General xv
Amino Acids xvi
Physical Constants xvi
Conversions xvi
Prefixes for Unit xvii
Introduction to Intracellular Chemistry
1(38)
Chemical Principles Governing Biological Systems
2(1)
Introduction to Biological Compounds
3(25)
Learning Objectives
3(1)
Classes of Biological Compounds
4(1)
Simple Molecules and Ions
4(1)
Lipids, Fats and Oils
4(3)
Phosphoglycerides
7(1)
Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins
8(3)
Saccharides
11(5)
Nucleic Acids and their Components
16(4)
Low Molecular Weight Compounds
20(8)
Comparisons and Contrasts of Bench Chemistry and in vivo Chemistry
28(4)
Learning Objective
28(1)
The Living Cell as a Reaction Vessel
28(4)
The Structure and Organization of Cells
32(2)
Learning Objective
32(1)
Introduction to the Structure and Organization of Cells
32(1)
Eukaryotic Organisms
33(1)
Summary
34(1)
Self Test
35(1)
Questions
36(1)
Further Reading
37(2)
Physical Chemistry of the Cell
39(22)
Introduction
40(1)
Water as a Solvent System
40(2)
Learning Objectives
40(1)
Micelle Formation
41(1)
The Effect of Solutes on the Colligative Properties of Water
42(1)
Control of pH
42(2)
Learning Objectives
42(1)
Controlling Biological pH
43(1)
Biological Thermodynamics and Energy Flow
44(4)
Learning Objective
44(1)
Energy
44(1)
Enthalpy
45(1)
Entropy
45(1)
Free Energy
46(1)
Using Thermodynamics to Predict the Spontaneity of Biological Reactions
47(1)
Noncovalent Intra- and Intermolecular Interactions
48(8)
Learning Objectives
48(1)
Noncovalent Interactions Control Conformation, Molecular Recognition and Binding
48(7)
Multiple Interactions in Proteins
55(1)
Summary
56(2)
Self Test
58(1)
Questions
59(1)
Further Reading
60(1)
Nucleic Acid Structure and Function
61(24)
Introduction
62(1)
Structural Aspects of Nucleic Acid Chemistry
62(7)
Learning Objectives
62(1)
Nucleic Acid Structure
62(1)
Components of Nucleic Acids
63(1)
Classes of Nucleic Acids
64(4)
DNA Tertiary Structure
68(1)
Topoisomerases
68(1)
Chemical Techniques for the Study of DNA
69(6)
Learning Objective
69(1)
Denaturation and Renaturation
69(2)
Sequencing
71(4)
Nucleic Acid Function: Protein Biosynthesis
75(4)
Learning Objectives
75(1)
Transcription
75(1)
Translation
76(3)
Post-translational Modification
79(1)
Summary
79(2)
Self Test
81(1)
Questions
82(1)
Further Reading
83(2)
Protein Structure
85(32)
Introduction: the Structure of a Protein is Always Related to its Function
86(1)
Protein Structure
86(8)
Learning Objective
86(1)
Levels of Organization
86(2)
Primary Structure: The Unfolded Polypeptide
88(1)
Secondary Structure: Regular Conformations of Polypeptides
89(4)
Tertiary and Quaternary Structure: Globular and Fibrous Proteins
93(1)
Cofactors
94(1)
Protein Analysis
94(19)
Learning Objectives
94(1)
Protein Detection and Quantification
94(2)
Purification Techniques
96(8)
Analysis of Primary Structure
104(8)
Analysis of Secondary Structure
112(1)
Summary
113(1)
Self Test
113(1)
Questions
114(2)
Further Reading
116(1)
Protein Function
117(22)
Introduction
118(1)
Protein Structure is Related to Function
118(7)
The Functional Classification of Proteins
125(9)
Regulation
125(1)
Transport
126(2)
Storage Proteins
128(1)
Movement Proteins
129(1)
Protective Proteins
130(4)
Structural Proteins
134(1)
Catalytic Proteins
134(1)
Summary
134(1)
Self Test
135(2)
Questions
137(1)
Further Reading
138(1)
Catalytic Proteins
139(32)
Introduction
140(1)
Nomenclature and Classification
140(2)
Learning Objectives
140(1)
Systematic and Nonsystematic Systems
140(2)
Enzyme Kinetics
142(7)
Learning Objectives
142(1)
Introduction and Revision
142(1)
General Theory of Enzyme Kinetics
143(2)
Michaelis-Menten Kinetics
145(4)
Enzyme Mechanism
149(7)
Learning Objectives
149(1)
Introduction and Revision
149(1)
Proximity and Orientation Effects
150(1)
The Availability of Acid-Base Catalysis
151(2)
Electrostatic Interactions
153(1)
Covalent Catalysis
154(1)
Strain
155(1)
Factors Involved in Enzyme Catalysis
156(7)
Learning Objectives
156(1)
Carboxypeptidase A
156(2)
Pyridoxal Phosphate-Dependent Enzymes
158(2)
Serine Proteases
160(3)
Enzyme Regulation
163(3)
Learning Objectives
163(1)
The Control of Synthetic Processes within the Cell
163(1)
Induction and Repression
164(1)
Covalent Modification
164(1)
Zymogen Activation
164(1)
Allosteric Interactions
165(1)
Summary
166(1)
Self Test
167(1)
Questions
168(1)
Further Reading
169(2)
Case Studies
171(38)
Introduction
172(1)
Reactions that Protect Living Cells from Chemical Damage
173(20)
Learning Objectives
173(1)
Introduction
173(2)
Xenobiotic Metabolism
175(2)
The Mercapturic Acid Pathway
177(2)
Glutathione S-transferases
179(6)
Cysteine Conjugate β-lyases
185(6)
The Mercapturic Acid Pathway is a Double-Edged Sword
191(1)
Summary
191(1)
Further Reading
192(1)
The Synthesis of Amino Acid Polymers - a Comparison of Protein Biosynthesis and Laboratory Peptide Synthesis
193(13)
Learning Objectives
193(1)
The General Principles of Peptide Synthesis
194(5)
Solution-Phase Peptide Synthesis
199(1)
Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis
199(2)
Limitations of Peptide Synthesis
201(1)
Recombinant Protein Technology
202(2)
Problems and Limitations of Recombinant Protein Technology
204(1)
Summary
205(1)
Further Reading
206(1)
Closing Thoughts
206(3)
Glossary 209(6)
Index 215

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