Preface |
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xi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xv | |
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3 | (8) |
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PART II: SOME IMAGES OF ORGANIZATION |
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Mechanization Takes Command: Organizations as Machines |
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11 | (22) |
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Machines, Mechanical Thinking, and the Rise of Bureaucratic Organization |
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13 | (13) |
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The Origins of Mechanistic Organization |
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15 | (3) |
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Classical Management Theory: Designing Bureaucratic Organizations |
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18 | (4) |
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22 | (4) |
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Strengths and Limitations of the Machine Metaphor |
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26 | (7) |
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Nature Intervenes: Organizations as Organisms |
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33 | (38) |
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Discovering Organizational Needs |
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34 | (4) |
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Recognizing the Importance of Environment: Organizations as Open Systems |
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38 | (4) |
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Contingency Theory: Adapting Organization to Environment |
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42 | (7) |
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The Variety of the Species |
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49 | (5) |
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Contingency Theory: Promoting Organizational Health and Development |
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54 | (5) |
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Natural Selection: The Population-Ecology View of Organizations |
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59 | (3) |
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Organizational Ecology: The Creation of Shared Futures |
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62 | (2) |
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Strengths and Limitations of the Organismic Metaphor |
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64 | (7) |
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Learning and Self-Organization: Organizations as Brains |
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71 | (44) |
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72 | (4) |
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Organizations as Information Processing Brains |
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76 | (5) |
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Creating Learning Organizations |
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81 | (16) |
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Cybernetics, Learning, and Learning to Learn |
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81 | (3) |
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Can Organizations Learn to Learn? |
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84 | (3) |
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Guidelines for ``Learning Organizations'' |
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87 | (10) |
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Organizations as Holographic Brains |
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97 | (15) |
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Principles of Holographic Design |
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99 | (13) |
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Strengths and Limitations of the Brain Metaphor |
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112 | (3) |
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Creating Social Realty: Organizations as Cultures |
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115 | (34) |
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116 | (18) |
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Organization as a Cultural Phenomenon |
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116 | (2) |
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Organization and Cultural Context |
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118 | (7) |
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Corporate Cultures and Subcultures |
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125 | (9) |
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Creating Organizational Reality |
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134 | (3) |
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Culture: Rule Following or Enactment? |
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134 | (3) |
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Organization: The Enactment of a Shared Reality |
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137 | (3) |
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Strengths and Limitations of the Culture Metaphor |
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140 | (9) |
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Interests, Conflict, and Power: Organizations as Political Systems |
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149 | (58) |
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Organizations as Systems of Government |
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151 | (5) |
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Organizations as Systems of Political Activity |
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156 | (38) |
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157 | (6) |
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163 | (3) |
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166 | (28) |
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Managing Pluralist Organizations |
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194 | (8) |
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Strengths and Limitations of the Political Metaphor |
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202 | (5) |
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Exploring Plato's Cave: Organizations as Psychic Prisons |
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207 | (34) |
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The Trap of Favored Ways of Thinking |
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208 | (4) |
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Organization and the Unconscious |
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212 | (23) |
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Organization and Repressed Sexuality |
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212 | (6) |
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Organization and the Patriarchal Family |
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218 | (1) |
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Organization, Death, and Immortality |
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219 | (2) |
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221 | (6) |
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Organization, Dolls, and Teddy Bears |
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227 | (3) |
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Organization, Shadow, and Archetype |
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230 | (4) |
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The Unconscious: A Creative and Destructive Force |
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234 | (1) |
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Strengths and Limitations of the Psychic Prison Metaphor |
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235 | (6) |
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Unfolding Logics of Change: Organization as Flux and Transformation |
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241 | (50) |
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Autopoiesis: Rethinking Relations With the Environment |
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243 | (8) |
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Enactment as a Form of Narcissism: Organizations Interact With Projections of Themselves |
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246 | (2) |
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Identity and Closure: Egocentrism Versus Systemic Wisdom |
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248 | (3) |
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Shifting ``Attractors'': The Logic of Chaos and Complexity |
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251 | (12) |
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Managing in the Midst of Complexity |
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255 | (8) |
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Loops, Not Lines: The Logic of Mutual Causality |
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263 | (10) |
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Contradiction and Crisis: The Logic of Dialectical Change |
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273 | (14) |
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Dialectical Analysis: How Opposing Forces Drive Change |
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275 | (5) |
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The Dialectics of Management |
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280 | (7) |
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Strengths and Limitations of the Flux and Transformation Metaphor |
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287 | (4) |
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The Ugly Face: Organizations as Instruments of Domination |
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291 | (46) |
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Organization as Domination |
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293 | (4) |
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How Organizations Use and Exploit Their Employees |
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297 | (18) |
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Organization, Class, and Control |
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298 | (6) |
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Work Hazards, Occupational Disease, and Industrial Accidents |
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304 | (6) |
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Workaholism and Social and Mental Stress |
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310 | (3) |
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Organizational Politics and the Radicalized Organization |
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313 | (2) |
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Multinationals and the World Economy |
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315 | (14) |
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The Multinationals as World Powers |
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318 | (3) |
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Multinationals: A Record of Exploitation? |
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321 | (8) |
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Strengths and Limitations of the Domination Metaphor |
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329 | (8) |
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PART III: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE |
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The Challenge of Metaphor |
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337 | (8) |
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Metaphors Create Ways of Seeing and Shaping Organizational Life |
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338 | (3) |
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Seeing, Thinking, and Acting in New Ways |
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341 | (4) |
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Reading and Shaping Organizational Life |
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345 | (18) |
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346 | (3) |
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349 | (12) |
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Developing a Detailed Reading and ``Storyline'' |
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351 | (7) |
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Multicom From Another View |
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358 | (3) |
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``Reading'' and Emergent Intelligence |
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361 | (2) |
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363 | (4) |
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367 | (56) |
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367 | (2) |
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369 | (5) |
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374 | (5) |
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379 | (7) |
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386 | (4) |
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390 | (5) |
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The Psychic Prison Metaphor |
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395 | (6) |
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The Flux and Transformation Metaphor |
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401 | (9) |
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410 | (7) |
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The Challenge of Metaphor |
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417 | (1) |
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Reading and Shaping Organizational Life |
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418 | (3) |
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421 | (2) |
Bibliography |
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423 | (52) |
Index |
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475 | (28) |
About the Author |
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503 | |