Abbreviations |
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xvii | (4) |
Note on Citation and Bibliographic Form |
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xxi | |
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1 The Scope and Significance of Epigraphy in Indological Studies |
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3 | (4) |
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2 Writing and Scripts in India |
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7 | (65) |
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7 | (10) |
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2.1.1 Writing in traditional India |
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7 | (3) |
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2.1.2 The antiquity of writing in India of the historical period |
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10 | (4) |
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2.1.3 Characteristics of Indic writing |
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14 | (3) |
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2.2 The Brahmi Script and Its Derivatives |
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17 | (25) |
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2.2.1 Geographical and chronological range |
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17 | (1) |
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2.2.2 The name of the script |
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17 | (2) |
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2.2.3 The origin of Brahmi |
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19 | (11) |
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2.2.4 Characteristics of Brahmi in the Mauryan period (third century B.C.) |
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30 | (1) |
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2.2.5 The historical development and derivatives of Brahmi |
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31 | (11) |
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42 | (14) |
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42 | (4) |
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2.3.2 Chronological range |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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2.3.4 Paleographic features of Kharosthi |
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48 | (2) |
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2.3.5 The name of the script |
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50 | (1) |
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2.3.6 The origin of Kharosthi |
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51 | (3) |
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2.3.7 Connections between Kharosthi and Brahmi |
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54 | (1) |
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2.3.8 The paleographic development of Kharosthi |
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55 | (1) |
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2.4 Numbers and Numerical Notation |
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56 | (8) |
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2.4.1 Numerical notation in Brahmi and the derived scripts |
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56 | (7) |
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2.4.2 Numerical notation in Kharosthi |
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63 | (1) |
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2.5 Techniques of Epigraphic Writing |
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64 | (7) |
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64 | (1) |
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2.5.2 The technical execution of inscriptions |
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65 | (3) |
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2.5.3 Calligraphic writing |
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68 | (2) |
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2.5.4 Biscript inscriptions |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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3 The Languages of Indic Inscriptions |
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72 | (38) |
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3.1 Middle Indo-Aryan ("Prakrit") |
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72 | (9) |
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72 | (1) |
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3.1.2 The Prakrits of the Asokan inscriptions |
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73 | (3) |
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3.1.3 Other inscriptions of the Mauryan era |
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76 | (1) |
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3.1.4 Later inscriptional Prakrits |
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76 | (4) |
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3.1.5 Literary Middle Indo-Aryan in inscriptions |
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80 | (1) |
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3.2 Mixed or "Hybrid" Dialects |
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81 | (5) |
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3.2.1 The character of "Epigraphical Hybrid Sanskrit" (EHS) |
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81 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Geographical and chronological distribution of EHS |
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82 | (1) |
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3.2.3 The linguistic nature of EHS |
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83 | (3) |
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86 | (13) |
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3.3.1 The earliest Sanskrit inscriptions |
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86 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Early Sanskrit inscriptions from Mathura |
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87 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Sanskrit inscriptions from western India in the Ksatrapa period |
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88 | (2) |
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3.3.4 Early Sanskrit inscriptions from the Deccan and southern India |
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90 | (2) |
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3.3.5 Early Sanskrit inscriptions from other regions |
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92 | (1) |
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3.3.6 The emergence of Sanskrit in the Gupta period |
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92 | (1) |
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3.3.7 Summary: Historical and cultural factors in the development of Sanskrit as an epigraphic language |
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93 | (1) |
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3.3.8 Linguistic characteristics of inscriptional Sanskrit |
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94 | (5) |
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3.4 The New Indo-Aryan (NIA) Languages |
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99 | (6) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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3.4.4 Hindi and related languages and dialects |
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102 | (2) |
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3.4.5 Bengali and other eastern NIA languages |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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3.5 Other (Non-Indo-Aryan) Languages in Indian Inscriptions |
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105 | (4) |
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3.5.1 Dravidian languages |
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105 | (1) |
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3.5.2 Islamic languages (Arabic, Persian, Urdu) |
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106 | (1) |
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3.5.3 Other non-Indic languages |
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107 | (2) |
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3.6 Bilingual and Multilingual Inscriptions |
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109 | (1) |
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4 Survey of Inscriptions in the Indo-Aryan Languages |
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110 | (51) |
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110 | (16) |
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4.1.1 Royal donative and panegyric inscriptions (prasasti) |
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110 | (3) |
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4.1.2 Land grant (copper plate) charters |
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113 | (5) |
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118 | (1) |
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4.1.4 Memorial inscriptions |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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4.1.6 Pilgrims' and travelers' records |
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121 | (1) |
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4.1.7 Cultic inscriptions |
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122 | (1) |
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4.1.8 Literary inscriptions |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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4.1.10 Miscellaneous inscriptions |
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124 | (2) |
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4.2 Survey by Form and Material |
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126 | (6) |
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126 | (3) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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4.2.5 Miscellaneous materials |
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131 | (1) |
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4.3 General Survey of Inscriptions |
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132 | (29) |
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4.3.1 Inscriptions of the Mauryan period (third century B.C.) |
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133 | (8) |
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4.3.2 Inscriptions of the Sunga period (ca. second to first centuries B.C.) |
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141 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Inscriptions of the Indo-Greek and Indo-Scythian era (ca. second century B.C. to third century A.D.) |
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142 | (3) |
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4.3.4 Inscriptions of the Gupta era (fourth to mid-sixth centuries A.D.) |
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145 | (1) |
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4.3.5 Inscriptions of the post-Gupta or "Medieval" era (mid-seventh to tenth centuries A.D.) |
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146 | (2) |
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4.3.6 Inscriptions of the "Islamic period" (eleventh to eighteenth centuries A.D.) |
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148 | (2) |
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4.3.7 Extra-Indian inscriptions |
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150 | (11) |
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5 Methods of Epigraphic Study |
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161 | (38) |
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5.1 The Presentation of Inscriptional Texts |
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161 | (3) |
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5.1.1 Reproduction of the original inscription |
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161 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Presentation of the edited text |
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162 | (2) |
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5.2 Translation and Interpretation of Inscriptions |
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164 | (1) |
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5.3 Authentication of Inscriptions |
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165 | (3) |
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5.4 Dating of Inscriptions |
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168 | (12) |
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5.4.1 Undated or inadequately dated inscriptions; paleographic dating and problems thereof |
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168 | (2) |
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170 | (6) |
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5.4.3 Conversion and verification of inscriptional dates |
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176 | (4) |
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5.5 Appendix: Eras Used in Indo-Aryan Inscriptions |
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180 | (19) |
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5.5.1 Continuous (historical or pseudohistorical) eras |
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180 | (16) |
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5.5.2 Cyclical (astronomical) eras |
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196 | (3) |
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6 The History of Indian Epigraphic Studies |
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199 | (27) |
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6.1 The Pioneering Era: Early Readings of Indian Inscriptions (1781-1834) |
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199 | (4) |
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6.2 The Era of Decipherment (1835-1860) |
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203 | (14) |
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6.2.1 Decipherment of the early Brahmi script |
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204 | (5) |
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6.2.2 Decipherment of the Kharosthi script |
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209 | (6) |
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6.2.3 Other developments during the era of decipherment |
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215 | (2) |
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6.3 The Period of Maturity (1861-1900) |
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217 | (4) |
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6.4 The Modern Period (1901-1947) |
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221 | (2) |
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6.5 Indian Epigraphy Since Independence (1947 to the present) |
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223 | (1) |
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6.6 Future Prospects and Desiderata |
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224 | (2) |
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7 Epigraphy as a Source for the Study of Indian Culture |
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226 | (26) |
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7.1 Epigraphy and History |
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226 | (6) |
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7.1.1 Political and dynastic history |
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226 | (5) |
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7.1.2 Administrative, economic, and social history |
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231 | (1) |
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7.2 Epigraphy and the Study of Indian Literature |
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232 | (6) |
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7.2.1 Inscriptions as a source for the history of Indian literature |
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233 | (2) |
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7.2.2 Inscriptional texts as literature |
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235 | (3) |
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7.3 Epigraphy and the Study of Religion |
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238 | (6) |
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7.3.1 The Brahmanical/Hindu tradition |
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239 | (2) |
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241 | (2) |
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7.3.3 Jainism and other sects |
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243 | (1) |
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7.4 Epigraphy and the Study of the Arts |
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244 | (4) |
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244 | (4) |
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7.4.2 The performing arts |
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248 | (1) |
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7.5 Epigraphy and Linguistics |
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248 | (1) |
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7.6 Epigraphy and Geography |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (2) |
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252 | (10) |
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8.1 Primary Sources: Notices and Editions of Inscriptions |
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252 | (5) |
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252 | (2) |
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8.1.2 Epigraphic serial publications |
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254 | (1) |
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8.1.3 Anthologies of inscriptions |
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255 | (2) |
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8.1.4 Separate monographs |
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257 | (1) |
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8.2 Secondary Sources: Handbooks and References Works |
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257 | (5) |
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8.2.1 Handbooks of epigraphy and paleography |
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257 | (2) |
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8.2.2 Reference works, bibliographies, and lists |
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259 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Miscellaneous studies and collections |
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260 | (2) |
Appendix: Selection of Typical Inscriptions |
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262 | (49) |
1. Rummindei minor pillar edict of Asoka |
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262 | (3) |
2. Besnagar pillar inscription of Heliodoros |
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265 | (2) |
3. Bharhut label inscriptions |
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267 | (1) |
4. Kalawan copper plate inscription |
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267 | (3) |
5. Sarnath umbrella shaft inscription of the time of Kaniska |
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270 | (2) |
6. Niya (central Asian) Kharosthi document |
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272 | (1) |
7. Kahaum pillar inscription of the time of Skandagupta |
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273 | (2) |
8. Lakkha Mandal prasasti |
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275 | (5) |
9. Vat Ph'u stone inscription of Jayavarman [I] |
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280 | (3) |
10. Baroda copper plate inscription of Rastrakuta Karkkaraja [II] |
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283 | (12) |
11. Tiruvenkadu temple inscription |
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295 | (2) |
12. Nalanda inscription of Vipulasrimitra |
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297 | (5) |
13. Pilgrim inscription on the Kosam pillar |
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302 | (2) |
14. Burhanpur inscription of Edala-Saha (Adil Shah) |
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304 | (3) |
15. Pabhosa Jaina inscription |
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307 | (4) |
Bibliography |
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311 | (17) |
Index of Inscriptions Cited |
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328 | (23) |
Index |
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351 | |