| Preface |  | xix |  | 
|  |  | 1 | (48) | 
| 
|  | Combinatorial Optimization |  |  | 1 | (7) | 
|  |  | 4 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Hard Problems versus Easy Problems |  |  | 6 | (2) | 
|  |  | 8 | (2) | 
| 
|  | States, Moves, and Optimality |  |  | 10 | (1) | 
|  |  | 11 | (4) | 
| 
|  | Deterministic and Stochastic Algorithms |  |  | 13 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Optimal versus Final Solution |  |  | 15 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Single versus Multicriteria Constrained Optimization |  |  | 16 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Convergence Analysis of Iterative Algorithms |  |  | 18 | (2) | 
|  |  | 18 | (2) | 
|  |  | 20 | (6) | 
| 
|  | Time-Homogeneous Markov Chains |  |  | 20 | (1) | 
|  |  | 21 | (1) | 
|  |  | 21 | (3) | 
|  |  | 24 | (1) | 
|  |  | 25 | (1) | 
|  |  | 26 | (3) | 
| 
|  | Summary and Organization of the Book |  |  | 29 | (20) | 
|  |  | 33 | (3) | 
|  |  | 36 | (13) | 
|  |  | 49 | (60) | 
|  |  | 49 | (4) | 
|  |  | 50 | (3) | 
| 
|  | Simulated Annealing Algorithm |  |  | 53 | (4) | 
|  |  | 57 | (9) | 
| 
|  | Parameters of the SA Algorithm |  |  | 66 | (7) | 
| 
|  | A Simple Cooling Schedule |  |  | 67 | (1) | 
| 
|  | A Statistical Polynomial Time Cooling Schedule |  |  | 68 | (4) | 
| 
|  | An Efficient General Cooling Schedule |  |  | 72 | (1) | 
|  |  | 73 | (2) | 
|  |  | 75 | (6) | 
| 
|  | VLSI Placement and Timber Wolf3.2 |  |  | 75 | (5) | 
| 
|  | A Brief Overview of Other Applications |  |  | 80 | (1) | 
|  |  | 81 | (10) | 
|  |  | 82 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Multiple-Trials Parallelism |  |  | 83 | (8) | 
| 
|  | Conclusions and Recent Work |  |  | 91 | (18) | 
|  |  | 93 | (5) | 
|  |  | 98 | (11) | 
|  |  | 109 | (74) | 
|  |  | 109 | (10) | 
|  |  | 110 | (1) | 
|  |  | 111 | (8) | 
|  |  | 119 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Schema Theorem and Implicit Parallelism |  |  | 119 | (7) | 
|  |  | 122 | (3) | 
|  |  | 125 | (1) | 
|  |  | 126 | (4) | 
| 
|  | GA without Mutation or Inversion |  |  | 127 | (1) | 
| 
|  | GA with Crossover and Mutation |  |  | 128 | (2) | 
|  |  | 130 | (12) | 
|  |  | 131 | (6) | 
|  |  | 137 | (1) | 
|  |  | 138 | (1) | 
|  |  | 139 | (3) | 
|  |  | 142 | (4) | 
|  |  | 142 | (1) | 
|  |  | 143 | (1) | 
|  |  | 144 | (1) | 
|  |  | 145 | (1) | 
|  |  | 146 | (10) | 
| 
|  | Traveling Salesman Problem |  |  | 147 | (4) | 
|  |  | 151 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Applications of GAs to Other Problems |  |  | 153 | (3) | 
|  |  | 156 | (2) | 
|  |  | 156 | (1) | 
|  |  | 157 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Neighborhood or Cellular Model |  |  | 157 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Other Issues and Recent Work |  |  | 158 | (6) | 
|  |  | 158 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Gray versus Binary Encoding |  |  | 159 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Niches, Crowding, and Speciation |  |  | 159 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Constant versus Dynamically Decreasing Population |  |  | 161 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Multiobjective Optimization with GAs |  |  | 162 | (1) | 
|  |  | 163 | (1) | 
|  |  | 164 | (19) | 
|  |  | 165 | (8) | 
|  |  | 173 | (10) | 
|  |  | 183 | (70) | 
|  |  | 183 | (2) | 
|  |  | 185 | (9) | 
| 
|  | Implementation-Related Issues |  |  | 194 | (12) | 
|  |  | 194 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Tabu List and Tabu Restrictions |  |  | 195 | (3) | 
| 
|  | Data Structure to Handle Tabu Lists |  |  | 198 | (6) | 
| 
|  | Other Aspiration Criteria |  |  | 204 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Limitations of Short-Term Memory |  |  | 206 | (5) | 
| 
|  | Intermediate-Term Memory (Search Intensification) |  |  | 207 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Long-Term Memory (Search Diversification) |  |  | 208 | (3) | 
| 
|  | Examples of Diversifying Search |  |  | 211 | (4) | 
| 
|  | Diversification in Quadratic Assignment (QAP) |  |  | 211 | (3) | 
| 
|  | Diversification in Multiprocessor Scheduling |  |  | 214 | (1) | 
|  |  | 215 | (2) | 
|  |  | 217 | (5) | 
|  |  | 218 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Bandwidth Packing Problem (BWP) |  |  | 220 | (2) | 
|  |  | 222 | (6) | 
| 
|  | Other Issues and Related Work |  |  | 228 | (12) | 
| 
|  | Neighborhood, Evaluator Functions, Stopping Criteria |  |  | 228 | (2) | 
|  |  | 230 | (4) | 
| 
|  | Candidate List Strategies |  |  | 234 | (3) | 
|  |  | 237 | (2) | 
|  |  | 239 | (1) | 
|  |  | 240 | (13) | 
|  |  | 242 | (6) | 
|  |  | 248 | (5) | 
| 
|  | Simulated Evolution (SimE) |  |  | 253 | (46) | 
|  |  | 253 | (1) | 
|  |  | 254 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Simulated Evolution Algorithm |  |  | 254 | (10) | 
|  |  | 258 | (3) | 
|  |  | 261 | (1) | 
|  |  | 262 | (1) | 
|  |  | 262 | (2) | 
|  |  | 264 | (1) | 
| 
|  | SimE Operators and Parameters |  |  | 264 | (2) | 
|  |  | 265 | (1) | 
|  |  | 265 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Effect of Number of Populations |  |  | 266 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Effect of Number of Iterations |  |  | 266 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Comparison of SimE, SA, and GA |  |  | 266 | (2) | 
|  |  | 268 | (3) | 
|  |  | 271 | (13) | 
| 
|  | Standard-Cell Design Style |  |  | 271 | (12) | 
| 
|  | Other Applications of SimE |  |  | 283 | (1) | 
|  |  | 284 | (4) | 
| 
|  | Implementation of SimE on Vector Processors |  |  | 284 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Implementation of SimE on MISD and MIMD Machines |  |  | 286 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Conclusions and Recent Work |  |  | 288 | (11) | 
|  |  | 289 | (3) | 
|  |  | 292 | (7) | 
| 
|  | Stochastic Evolution (StocE) |  |  | 299 | (46) | 
|  |  | 299 | (1) | 
|  |  | 300 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Stochastic Evolution Algorithm |  |  | 301 | (8) | 
|  |  | 304 | (3) | 
|  |  | 307 | (1) | 
|  |  | 308 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Stochastic Evolution Convergence Aspects |  |  | 309 | (3) | 
| 
|  | Stochastic Evolution Applications |  |  | 312 | (20) | 
|  |  | 312 | (1) | 
|  |  | 312 | (3) | 
| 
|  | Hamiltonian Circuit Problem |  |  | 315 | (4) | 
| 
|  | Traveling Salesman Problem |  |  | 319 | (1) | 
| 
|  | StocE-Based Technology Mapping of FPGAs |  |  | 320 | (12) | 
| 
|  | Parallelization of Stochastic Evolution |  |  | 332 | (5) | 
| 
|  | Conclusions and Recent Work |  |  | 337 | (8) | 
|  |  | 338 | (3) | 
|  |  | 341 | (4) | 
|  |  | 345 | (34) | 
|  |  | 345 | (1) | 
|  |  | 346 | (2) | 
|  |  | 348 | (4) | 
|  |  | 348 | (1) | 
|  |  | 349 | (2) | 
|  |  | 351 | (1) | 
| 
|  | GA and Multiobjective Optimization |  |  | 352 | (4) | 
|  |  | 353 | (1) | 
|  |  | 354 | (1) | 
|  |  | 354 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Fuzzy Logic for Multiobjective Optimization |  |  | 356 | (6) | 
|  |  | 356 | (2) | 
|  |  | 358 | (1) | 
|  |  | 358 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Example of Fuzzy Multiobjective Optimization |  |  | 359 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Fuzzy Goal Directed Optimization |  |  | 361 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Artificial Neural Networks |  |  | 362 | (5) | 
|  |  | 367 | (3) | 
|  |  | 370 | (9) | 
|  |  | 372 | (4) | 
|  |  | 376 | (3) | 
| About the Authors |  | 379 | (2) | 
| Index |  | 381 |  |