This cuting-edge sourcebook for teachers provides a comprehensive vision of effective second language teaching and explores ways to create meaningful interaction leading to emrgent particpatory language teaching. The fourth edition of Making It Happen presents a cyclic approach to theory and practice, in which theory and practice constantly inform each other.

 

Features

• Strategies for teaching children, adolescents, and adults from beginning to advanced levels
• Am emphasis on peer- and self-evaluation in simulated and real classrooms
• A practical reservoir for teachers as they develop their own methodologies and local practice
• Discussions of issues critical to program development, lesson design, materials selection, video use, teacher research, and professional development (including SIOP)
• Case studies from kindergarten through university level to stimulate professional dialog

New to This Edition

• Separate chapters on implicit/explicit teaching and on sociocultural/cognitive synthesis
• Sections on form-focus strategies, World Englishes, research directions, corpus analysis, dialogical assessment, and the Acoma heritage language program
• Updated research that reflects influential thinking for the 21st century

Also by Patricia A. Richard-Amata (with Marguerite Ann Snow):

Academic Success for English Language Learners: Strategies for K-12 Mainstream Teachers

Biography

 

Dr. Patricia Richard-Amato is Professor Emeritus at California State University, Los Angeles where she coordinated graduate programs in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages. Her experience includes 19 years in public schools of the U.S. and teaching at several TESOL Institutes and Academies in the U.S. and abroad. Dr. Richard-Amato was a recipient (along with John Oller, Jr.) of the Mildenberger Medal from the Modern Language Association for Methods that Work. Her more recent works include Making It Happen: From Interactive to Participatory Language Teaching: Evolving Theory and Practice (4th edition) and Academic Success for English Language Learners: Strategies for K-12 Mainstream Teachers (with M. A. Snow). She is one of the founders of the Pikes Peak Chapter of the United Nations Association, USA and is a founding member of the Institute for Language and Education Policy.

 

PART I     THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS

                        Exploring Your Current Beliefs About Learning and Teaching Languages

 

 

Chapter 1        FROM GRAMMAR-BASED TO COMMUNICATIVE APPROACHES: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

                        Questions to Think About

                        Grammar-Based Approaches

                        Chomsky’s Contributions

                        The Connectionist

                        Communicative Approaches

                        Summary

                        Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion

                        Suggested Readings and Reference Materials

 

Chapter2         THE PROCESS OF LEARNING A SECOND LANGUAGE IN THE CLASSROOM: A COGNITIVE VIEW

                        Questions to Think About

                        The Interaction Approach

                        The Process of Learning a Second Language

                        Error Treatment

                        Instructed Grammar

                        Summary

                        Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion

                        Suggested Reading and Reference Materials

 

Chapter 3        TOWARD A SOCIOCULTURAL/COGNITIVE MODEL

                        Questions to Think About

                        A Comparison of L1 and L2 Language Acquisition

                        Information-Processing Models

                        Where Do We Go from Here?

                        Vygotsky’s Sociocultural/Cognitive Perspective

                        A Proposed Dialogical Model for Second Language Acquisition

                        Summary

                        Question and Projects for Reflection and Discussion

                        Suggested Reading and Reference Materials

 

Chapter 4        EMERGENT PARTICIPATORY LANGUAGE TEACHING

                        Questions to Think About

                        Empowerment in the Language Classroom

                        A Working Description of Participatory Language Teaching

                        Participatory Practices

                        Meeting Standards Through Participatory Teaching

                        Common Misunderstandings

                        Enabling Students Through Strategic Learning

                        Summary

                        Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion

                        Suggested Readings and Reference Materials

 

Chapter 5        DEVELOPING SKILLS: IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT TEACHING STRATEGIES

                        Questions to Think About

                        Implicit and Explicit: What’s the Difference?

                        Skills Integration

                        Needs Assessment: Product or Process Oriented?

                        Teaching Strategies for Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing

                        Critical Literacy

                        Summary

                        Questions and Projects for Reflections and Discussion

                        Suggested Reading and Reference Materials

 

Chapter 6        THE AFFECTIVE DOMAIN

                        Questions to Think About

                        Attitudes

                        Motivation

                        Level of Anxiety

                        Related Factors

                        Creating a Positive School and Community Environment

                        Summary

                        Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion

                        Suggested Reading and Reference Materials

 

Chapter 7        LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT AND STANDARDS

                        Questions to Think About

                        Language Tests: A Traditional Framework

                        Test Evaluation, Selection, and Development

                        Determining Placement

                        Making Assessment an Integral Part of the Classroom Environment

                        Identifying and Assessing Learner Outcomes

                        Standard for Second and Foreign Language Teaching in the United States

                        A Dialogical Approach to Assessment

                        Summary

                        Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion

                        Suggested Readings and Reference Materials

 

 

 

PART II          EXPLORING METHODS AND ACTIVITIES

                        Interactive Methods and Activities

                        Adapting the Content of Activities

 

 

Chapter 8        PHYSICAL INVOLVEMENT IN THE LANGUAGE LEARNING PROCESS

                        Questions to Think About

                        The Total Physical Response: Taking Another Look

                        Total Physical Response Storytelling

                        The Audio-Motor Unit

                        Summary

                        Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion

                        Suggested Readings and Reference Materials

 

Chapter 9        INTERACTIVE PRACTICES

                        Questions to Think About

                        The Natural Approach Revisited

                        Modifying and Enhancing Instruction in the Language Classroom

                        Summary

                        Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion

                        Suggested Readings and Reference Materials

 

Chapter 10      CHANTS, MUSIC, AND POETRY

                        Questions to Think About

                        Chants

                        Music

                        Poetry

                        Summary

                        Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion

                        Suggested Readings and Reference Materials

 

Chapter 11      STORYTELLING, ROLE PLAY, AND DRAMA

                        Questions to Think About

                        Warm-Ups

                        Storytelling

                        Role Play

                        Drama

                        Summary

                        Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion

                        Suggested Readings and Reference Materials

 

Chapter 12      GAMES

                        Questions to Think About

                        Nonverbal Games

                        Board-Advancing Games

                        Word-Focus Games

                        Treasure Hunts

                        Guessing Games

                        Summary

                        Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion

                        Suggested Readings and Reference Materials

 

Chapter 13      WAYS TO PROMOTE LITERACY DEVELOPMENT

                        Questions to Think About

                        The Language Experience Approach

                        Literature-Based Curriculum

                        Writing Workshops

                        Advance Academic Literacy

                        Summary

                        Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion

                        Suggested Readings and Reference Materials

 

Chapter 14      AFFECTIVE ACTIVITES

                        Questions to Think About

                        What do Learner Value?

                        What Role Can Teachers Play During Affective Activities?

                        When Can Affective Activities Be Used?

                        Other Important Considerations

                        Preparing Students for Affective Activities

                        Activities to Further Identify Development

                        Summary

                        Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion

                        Suggested Readings and Reference Materials

 

 

 

PART III        PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER: SOME PRACTICAL ISSUES

                        Second Language Programs

                        Foreign Language Programs

                        Teachers New to a Particular Culture

 

 

Chapter 15      DEVISING A PLAN

                        Questions to Think About

                        Integrating Methods, Strategies, and Activities into a Flexible Curriculum

                        Structuring Lessons

                        Themes Cycle/Investigative Inquiry

                        Infusing Standards into the Curriculum

                        Deciding the Focus of the Instruction: Proficiency-Based, Task-Based, or Content-Based

                        Using Peer Facilitators and Lay Assistants

                        Cooperative Learning as a Management Technique

                        Working with Large and Mixed-Level Classes

                        Summary

                        Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion

                        Suggested Readings and Reference Materials

 

Chapter 16      TOOLS FOR TEACHING LAGUAGES: TEXTBOOKS, COMPUTER PROGRAMS, AND VIDEOS

                        Questions to Think About

                        Textbooks

                        Computer Programs

                        Videos

                        Summary

                        Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion

                        Suggested Readings and Reference Materials

 

Chapter 17      TEACHING LANGUAGE THROUGH THE CONTENT AREAS AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

                        Questions to Think About

                        Submersion

                        Immersion 

                        Bilingual Education in the United States

                        Program Possibilities for English Learners

                        Program Possibilities for Foreign Language Students

                        Professional Development: Teacher Research, Observation, and Evaluation

                        Summary

                        Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion

                        Suggested Readings and Reference Materials

 

 

 

PART IV        PROGRAMS IN ACTION

 

Chapter 18      ESL PROGRAMS

                        A College English Language Program

                        A University Support Program: Project LEAP

                        A Life-Skills Adult Basic Education Program

                        A Secondary Sheltered English Program

                        An Elementary District-Wide Program

                        A Kindergarten ESL Program within a Spanish Bilingual School

 

Chapter 19      FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROGRAMS

                        A Village Immersion Program for Global Understanding, Language Development, and Maintenance

                        A French Immersion Program for Elementary Students

                        A Bicultural Institute for Children, Adolescent, and Adults

                        A Middle School Spanish Program

                        A High School Spanish Program

 

Chapter 20      TWO-WAY BILINGUAL AND HERITAGE TRIBAL LANGUAGE PROGRAMS

                        A Developmental Spanish/English Program

                        An Immersion Cantonese/English Language Program

                        Maintaining American Indian Languages: A Pueblo Indian Language Immersion Program by Christine Sims, Acoma Pueblo

 

 

PART V          CASE STUDIES: TEACHER NARRATION TO STIMULATE PROFESSIONAL DIALOGUE

                        Case Study 1:  Motivating Beto (Kindergarten)

                        Case Study 2:   My “Good Year” Explodes: Bringing in the Parents (Elementary School)

                        Case Study 3:  Please, Not Another ESL Student (Middle School)

                        Case Study 4:   Conflict Resolution on Campus (High School)

                        Case Study 5:   A Multicultural Challenge (College/University)  

 

 

REFERENCES