Metal Fatigue,9780486409276

Metal Fatigue

by ; ;
ISBN13: 9780486409276
ISBN10: 0486409279
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2011-11-02
Publisher(s): Dover Publications
List Price: $34.95

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Summary

Definitive, clearly written, and well-illustrated volume addresses all aspects of the subject, from the historical development of understanding metal fatigue to vital concepts of the cyclic stress that causes a crack to grow. Examines effect of stress concentrations on notches, theories of fatigue crack propagation, and many other topics. Seven appendixes describe laboratory fatigue testing, stress concentrations, material stress-strain relationships, and more. Invaluable text for students of engineering design and metallurgy.

Table of Contents

Introduction
1(5)
References
5(1)
Crack Initiation
6(34)
Introduction
6(1)
Surface examination
7(10)
Changes in bulk properties
17(8)
Hysteresis loop and damping measurements
17(1)
Changes in mechanical properties, stiffness, hardness, etc
18(2)
Changes in physical properties
20(1)
Strain-ageing effects: coaxing, rest-periods, intermittent heat-treatments
20(3)
Diffusion and surface emission studies
23(1)
X-ray diffraction studies
24(1)
Discussion of surface crack initiation
25(15)
References
35(5)
Fatigue Strength of Plain Specimens
40(90)
Introduction
40(1)
The fatigue limit, or fatigue strength at long endurances
40(8)
Effect of surface finish
48(6)
Method of machining
49(1)
Effect of electropolishing
50(1)
Effect of stress-relieving
51(1)
Effect of forged surfaces
52(1)
Discussion
52(2)
Different testing methods and size effects
54(11)
Discussion
61(4)
Effect of a mean stress
65(10)
Discussion
74(1)
Effect of combined stresses and anisotropy
75(12)
Discussion
85(2)
Effect of frequency of stress application
87(3)
Effect of temperature
90(15)
Low-temperature fatigue
91(1)
Elevated-temperature fatigue
92(9)
Thermal fatigue
101(2)
Discussion
103(2)
Effect of environment
105(25)
Mechanism of corrosion fatigue
107(2)
Fatigue strength in water and brine
109(3)
Effect of humidity
112(1)
Protective measures
113(2)
Exclusion of the atmosphere
115(4)
Discussion
119(3)
References
122(8)
Effect of Stress Concentrations and Cracks on Fatigue Strength
130(72)
Introduction
130(3)
Elastic stress distribution around a notch
133(3)
Behaviour of notched laboratory specimens at zero mean load
136(13)
Experimental data
136(7)
Kf-Kt relationships
143(6)
Non-propagating cracks in notched specimens
149(8)
The minimum alternating stress required to propagate a crack of a given length or depth at zero mean stress
157(9)
Tests on specimens containing artificial cracks
157(1)
Tests on plain specimens containing fatigue cracks
157(2)
Tests on specimens containing fatigue cracks grown at notches
159(1)
Tests to determine the relationship between crack length and the stress necessary for crack growth
160(6)
Interpretation of zero mean load notched fatigue data
166(9)
Wrought materials
166(7)
Cast materials
173(2)
Effect of a mean load
175(9)
Notched specimens
175(5)
Cracked specimens
180(4)
Effect of combined stresses
184(3)
Effect of temperature
187(1)
Effect of environment
188(7)
Additional implications of a macrocrack length-cyclic propagation stress relationship
195(7)
References
198(4)
The Growth of Fatigue Cracks
202(91)
Introduction
203(2)
Linear elastic fracture mechanics
205(8)
Modes of crack growth
205(1)
Stress intensity factor
206(4)
Crack direction
210(1)
Effect of yielding
210(1)
Application to fatigue crack growth
211(2)
Fractographic aspects of crack growth
213(7)
Macroscopic appearance
213(1)
Crack direction
213(3)
Microscopic appearance
216(4)
Metal physics aspects of crack growth
220(2)
Determination of fatigue crack growth rates
222(6)
Some fatigue crack growth theories
228(17)
Head's theory
228(1)
The geometrical similarity hypothesis
229(2)
Net area stress theories
231(2)
Accumulated strain hypothesis
233(1)
Dislocation theories
234(1)
Energy theories
235(1)
Frost and Dixon's theory
235(3)
A fracture-mechanics crack growth theory
238(1)
Correlation with experiment
239(6)
Fatigue crack growth data for various materials
245(15)
Threshold effects in fatigue crack growth
260(3)
Other factors affecting crack growth
263(12)
Effect of thickness
263(1)
Effect of test frequency
264(1)
Effect of load changes
265(1)
Effect of environment
266(3)
Effect of stress state
269(3)
Methods of increasing resistance to fatigue crack growth
272(3)
Fatigue cracks in structures
275(18)
Residual static strength of cracked structures
275(8)
Estimation of service life
283(2)
References
285(8)
Notes on Various Other Aspects of Fatigue
293(162)
Low-endurance fatigue
293(14)
Introduction
293(2)
Total strain amplitude tests
295(2)
Plastic strain amplitude tests
297(3)
Mode of fracture and the effect of mean strain
300(2)
Notched specimens
302(2)
Discussion
304(3)
Fatigue under varying stress amplitudes
307(23)
Introduction
307(1)
The Palmgren-Miner rule and early experimental work
308(3)
Other prediction methods
311(7)
Programme loading to simulate service conditions
318(3)
Random loading
321(4)
Servo-hydraulic testing methods
325(2)
Structural fatigue tests on vehicles
327(1)
Accelerated testing
328(1)
Discussion
329(1)
Effect of mechanical working
330(10)
Introduction
330(1)
Effect of work-hardening
331(1)
Effect of residual stresses
332(5)
Discussion
337(3)
Surface treatments
340(13)
Metal platings
340(6)
Anodizing
346(1)
Metallurgical surface-hardening techniques
347(5)
Soft layers
352(1)
Pressurized cylinders
353(11)
Fretting
364(6)
Pin, riveted, and bolted joints
370(9)
Pin joints
370(5)
Riveted and bolted joints
375(4)
Welded joints
379(18)
Introduction
379(1)
But welds in structural steels
379(6)
Fillet welds in structural steels
385(5)
Butt welds in light alloys
390(1)
Methods of improving fatigue strength
391(1)
Spot welds
392(3)
Glued, brazed, and pressure-welded joints
395(2)
Shrink-fit assemblies
397(4)
Screwed connections
401(7)
Rolling contact
408(2)
Methods of rapidly estimating the fatigue limit of a material
410(7)
Statistical analysis of fatigue test results
417(10)
Introduction
417(1)
Applications to S/N curves
418(4)
Combined distributions
422(2)
Test methods based on statistical theory
424(3)
Fabricated materials
427(2)
Components and structures
429(26)
References
436(19)
APPENDIX 1. TERMS USED IN DEFINING THE STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIPS OF A MATERIAL 455(3)
References
457(1)
APPENDIX 2. REPEATED LOADING AND FRACTURE 458(2)
References
459(1)
APPENDIX 3. COMPARISON OF APPEARANCES OF BROKEN TENSILE AND FATIGUE SPECIMENS 460(1)
APPENDIX 4. ELEMENTARY CONCEPTS OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION IN DUCTILE METALS 461(3)
References
463(1)
APPENDIX 5. FATIGUE TESTING MACHINES 464(5)
A5.1. Conventional direct-stress machines
465(1)
A5.2. Servo-hydraulic machines
466(1)
A5.3. Other machines
466(3)
References
467(2)
APPENDIX 6. TEST SPECIMENS AND METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF PLAIN FATIGUE PROPERTIES 469(7)
A6.1. Specimens
469(2)
A6.2. Testing and presentation of results
471(5)
References
475(1)
APPENDIX 7. STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTORS FOR VARIOUS CONFIGURATIONS 476(5)
References
480(1)
Author Index 481(12)
Subject Index 493

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