Modern Earth Science,9780030565335

Modern Earth Science

by ; ; ;
Edition: Student
ISBN13: 9780030565335
ISBN10: 0030565332
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2000-12-01
Publisher(s): Houghton Mifflin Harcourt School
List Price: $119.40

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Table of Contents

Introducing Earth Science xvi
Lab and Field Safety xviii
Concept Mapping xxi
UNIT 1 Studying the Earth xxii
Introduction to Earth Science
2(20)
What Is Earth Science?
3(6)
EarthBeat: The Earth's Circumference
4(5)
Paths to Discovery: Scientific Methods
9(5)
Science & Technology: The Internet
10(4)
Birth of a Theory: The Big Bang
14(8)
Small-Scale Investigation: The Big Bang Theory
17(1)
Chapter 1 Review
18(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Scientific Method
20(2)
The Earth in Space
22(20)
Earth: A Unique Planet
23(6)
Career Focus: Earth Structure (Field Geologist, Instrumentation Technician, Surveyor)
26(3)
Movements of the Earth
29(6)
Impact on Society: Biological Clocks
33(2)
Artificial Satellites
35(7)
Small-Scale Investigation: Gravity and Orbits
37(1)
Chapter 2 Review
38(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Earth-Sun Motion
40(2)
Models of the Earth
42(22)
Finding Locations on the Earth
43(3)
Mapping the Earth's Surface
46(4)
Topographic Maps
50(14)
Science & Technology: Navstar: A Global Positioning System
52(2)
Small-Scale Investigation: Topographic Maps
54(2)
Chapter 3 Review
56(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Contour Maps
58(2)
Maps in Action: Journey to Red River
60(2)
Eye on the Environment: Mapping Life on Earth
62(2)
UNIT 2 The Dynamic Earth 64(72)
Plate Tectonics
66(16)
Continental Drift
67(5)
EarthBeat: Evidence of Seafloor Spreading
69(1)
Impact on Society: Living on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
70(2)
The Theory of Plate Tectonics
72(10)
Small-Scale Investigation: Lithospheric Plate Boundaries
75(3)
Chapter 4 Review
78(2)
In-Depth Investigation: A Model of Convection Currents
80(2)
Deformation of the Crust
82(16)
How the Crust Is Deformed
83(2)
The Results of Stress
85(3)
Small-Scale Investigation: Folds and Fractures
87(1)
Mountain Formation
88(10)
Science & Technology: Tracking Plate Movements
90(3)
EarthBeat: The Disappearing Mediterranean
93(1)
Chapter 5 Review
94(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Continental Collisions
96(2)
Earthquakes
98(18)
Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics
99(4)
EarthBeat: The Big Squeeze
102(1)
Recording Earthquakes
103(3)
Small-Scale Investigation: Seismographic Record
105(1)
Earthquake Damage
106(10)
Impact on Society: The Great Hanshin Earthquake
107(1)
Career Focus: Earth Forces (tectonophysicist, Volcanologist, Exploration Geophysicist)
108(4)
Chapter 6 Review
112(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Earthquake Waves
114(2)
Volcanoes
116(20)
Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics
117(3)
Volcanic Eruptions
120(6)
Small-Scale Investigation: Volcanic Cones
123(2)
Impact on Society: Krakatau
125(1)
Extraterrestrial Volcanism
126(10)
Chapter 7 Review
128(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Hot Spots and Volcanoes
130(2)
Maps in Action: A Case of the Tennessee Shakes
132(2)
Eye on the Environment: Volcanoes Put a Chill in the Air
134(2)
UNIT 3 Composition of the Earth 136(80)
Earth Chemistry
138(18)
Matter
139(8)
Small-Scale Investigation: Electrically Charged Objects
140(4)
Science & Technology: The Smallest Particles
144(3)
Combinations of Atoms
147(9)
Chapter 8 Review
152(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Chemical Analysis
154(2)
Minerals of the Earth's Crust
156(18)
What Is a Mineral?
157(6)
Career Focus: Mineral Resources (Mining Engineer, Gem Cutter, Mine Inspector)
160(3)
Identifying Minerals
163(11)
Small-Scale Investigation: Mineral Identification
167(2)
Impact on Society: Mineral Resources
169(1)
Chapter 9 Review
170(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Mineral Identification
172(2)
Rocks
174(20)
Rocks and the Rock Cycle
175(3)
Igneous Rock
178(4)
Small-Scale Investigation: Crystal Formation
180(2)
Sedimentary Rock
182(5)
Science & Technology: Landsat Maps the World
184(3)
Metamorphic Rock
187(7)
EarthBeat: Moon Rocks
189(1)
Chapter 10 Review
190(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Classification of Rocks
192(2)
Resources and Energy
194(22)
Mineral Resources
195(3)
Fossil Fuels
198(4)
Nuclear Energy
202(2)
Alternative Energy Sources
204(12)
Small-Scale Investigation: Solar Collector
205(1)
Science & Technology: Solar Two
206(2)
Chapter 11 Review
208(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Extraction of Copper from Its Ore
210(2)
Maps in Action: Buried Treasure
212(2)
Eye on the Environment: What's Mined Is Yours
214(2)
UNIT 4 Reshaping the Crust 216(104)
Weathering and Erosion
218(24)
Weathering Processes
219(5)
Small-Scale Investigation: Mechanical Weathering
220(3)
Impact on Society: The Price of Corrosion
223(1)
Rates of Weathering
224(3)
Weathering and Soil
227(4)
Erosion
231(11)
Career Focus: Natural Resources (Soil Conservationist, Hydrologist, Water Purification Technician)
234(4)
Chapter 12 Review
238(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Soil Chemistry
240(2)
Water and Erosion
242(18)
The Water Cycle
243(4)
EarthBeat: Life Cycle of a Lake
245(2)
River Systems
247(5)
Small-Scale Investigation: Soil Erosion
248(4)
Stream Deposition
252(8)
Impact on Society: A River and a City
253(3)
Chapter 13 Review
256(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Sediments and Water
258(2)
Groundwater and Erosion
260(16)
Water Beneath the Surface
261(5)
Small-Scale Investigation: Permeability
262(4)
Wells and Springs
266(3)
Groundwater and Chemical Weathering
269(7)
Impact on Society: Disappearing Land
270(2)
Chapter 14 Review
272(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Porosity
274(2)
Glaciers and Erosion
276(20)
Glaciers: Moving Ice
277(5)
Science & Technology: Monitoring Ice Streams in Antarctica
280(2)
Landforms Created by Glaciers
282(7)
Small-Scale Investigation: Glacial Erosion
284(4)
EarthBeat: Lake Agassiz
288(1)
Ice Ages
289(7)
Chapter 15 Review
292(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Glaciers and Sea Level
294(2)
Erosion by Wind and Waves
296(24)
Wind Erosion
297(5)
Small-Scale Investigation: Dune Migration
300(2)
Wave Erosion
302(5)
Coastal Erosion and Deposition
307(13)
Impact on Society: The Flooding of Venice
309(3)
Chapter 16 Review
312(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Beaches
314(2)
Maps in Action: What Comes Down Must Go Where?
316(2)
Eye on the Environment: Losing Ground
318(2)
UNIT 5 The History of the Earth 320(66)
The Rock Record
322(22)
Determining Relative Age
323(4)
Determining Absolute Age
327(7)
Science & Technology: Advances in Uranium-Lead Dating
330(2)
Small-Scale Investigation: Radioactive Decay
332(2)
The Fossil Record
334(10)
EarthBeat: Clues to Climate
339(1)
Chapter 17 Review
340(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Fossils
342(2)
A View of the Earth's Past
344(20)
The Geologic Time Scale
345(2)
Geologic History
347(17)
Science & Technology: CAT Scanning Fossils
350(9)
Small-Scale Investigation: Geologic Time Scale
359(1)
Chapter 18 Review
360(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Geologic Time
362(2)
The History of the Continents
364(22)
Movements of the Continents
365(5)
Small-Scale Investigation: Plate Tectonics Theory
366(3)
EarthBeat: Geography of the Future
369(1)
Growth of a Continent: North America
370(4)
Impact on Society: Land Bridge to the Americas
373(1)
Formation of the Grand Canyon
374(12)
Career Focus: Fossils (Paleontologist, Stratigrapher, Paleontological Assistant)
376(2)
Chapter 19 Review
378(2)
In-Depth Investigation: History in the Rocks
380(2)
Maps in Action: Where the Hippos Roam
382(2)
Eye on the Environment: The Mysterious Bone Bed
384(2)
UNIT 6 Oceans 386(66)
The Ocean Basins
388(18)
The Water Planet
389(4)
Small-Scale Investigation: Sonar
392(1)
Features of. the Ocean Floor
393(6)
Impact on Society: Fishing on the Continental Shelves
394(2)
Career Focus: Oceans (Underwater Photographer, Marine Surveyor, Oceanographer)
396(3)
Ocean-Floor Sediments
399(7)
Chapter 20 Review
402(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Ocean-Floor Sediments
404(2)
Ocean Water
406(20)
Properties of Ocean Water
407(6)
Small-Scale Investigation: Density Factors
411(2)
Life in the Oceans
413(4)
Ocean Resources
417(9)
Science & Technology: Efficient Desalination
418(4)
Chapter 21 Review
422(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Ocean Water Density
424(2)
Movements of the Ocean
426(26)
Ocean Currents
427(6)
EarthBeat: Shifting Currents
430(3)
Ocean Waves
433(6)
Small-Scale Investigation: Waves
435(4)
Tides
439(13)
Science & Technology: Energy from the Ocean
440(4)
Chapter 22 Review
444(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Wave Motion
446(2)
Maps in Action: Mapping the Sea Floor From Space
448(2)
Eye on the Environment: A Harbor Makes a Comeback
450(2)
UNIT 7 Atmospheric Forces 452(92)
The Atmosphere
454(24)
Characteristics of the Atmosphere
455(8)
Small-Scale Investigation: Barometric Pressure
458(5)
Solar Energy and the Atmosphere
463(6)
EarthBeat: Visible Light and the Atmosphere
464(5)
Winds
469(9)
Science & Technology: Energy from the Wind
470(4)
Chapter 23 Review
474(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Air Density and Temperature
476(2)
Water in the Atmosphere
478(20)
Atmospheric Moisture
479(5)
Small-Scale Investigation: Relative Humidity
482(2)
Clouds and Fog
484(5)
Precipitation
489(9)
Impact on Society: The Destructive Power of Hail
490(4)
Chapter 24 Review
494(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Relative Humidity
496(2)
Weather
498(24)
Air Masses
499(3)
Fronts
502(7)
Impact on Society: Weather Watch
506(3)
Weather Instruments
509(3)
Small-Scale Investigation: Wind Chill
510(2)
Forecasting the Weather
512(10)
EarthBeat: Project VORTEX
515(1)
Career Focus: Weather (Meteorologist, Severe-Storm Forecaster, Weather Observer)
516(2)
Chapter 25 Review
518(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Weather Map Interpretation
520(2)
Climate
522(22)
Factors That Affect Climate
523(6)
Impact on Society: El Nino
525(2)
Small-Scale Investigation: Evaporation
527(2)
Climate Zones
529(15)
EarthBeat: An Endangered Habitat
530(6)
Chapter 26 Review
536(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Factors That Affect Climate
538(2)
Maps in Action: Snapshots of the Weather
540(2)
Eye on the Environment: Keeping Cool With Algae
542(2)
UNIT 8 Studying Space 544(98)
Stars and Galaxies
546(24)
Characteristics of Stars
547(8)
Small-Scale Investigation: Parallax
551(4)
Stellar Evolution
555(6)
Science & Technology: The Hubble Space Telescope Eyes New Stars
556(5)
Star Groups
561(9)
EarthBeat: Quasars
565(1)
Chapter 27 Review
566(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Star Magnitudes
568(2)
The Sun
570(20)
Structure of the Sun
571(5)
Small-Scale Investigation: Solar Viewer
573(3)
Solar Activity
576(4)
Impact on Society: Coronal Mass Ejections
578(2)
Formation of the Solar System
580(10)
Career Focus: Space (Astronomer, Planetarium Technician, Solar Energy Systems Designer)
582(3)
EarthBeat: The Solar Constant
585(1)
Chapter 28 Review
586(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Size and Energy of the Sun
588(2)
The Solar System
590(24)
Models of the Solar System
591(3)
The Inner Planets
594(4)
The Outer Planets
598(8)
Science & Technology: Galileo Probes Jupiter
602(2)
Small-Scale Investigation: The Solar System
604(2)
Asteroids, Comets, and Meteoroids
606(8)
Chapter 29 Review
610(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Crater Analysis
612(2)
Moons and Rings
614(28)
The Earth's Moon
615(6)
Science & Technology: Mining on the Moon
618(3)
Movements of the Moon
621(5)
EarthBeat Effects of Tides
622(3)
Small Scale Investigation: Eclipses
625(1)
The Lunar Cycle
626(4)
Satellites of Other Planets
630(12)
Chapter 30 Review
634(2)
In-Depth Investigation: Galilean Moons of Jupiter
636(2)
Maps in Action: Stars in Your Eyes
638(2)
Eye on the Environment: The Great Junkyard in the Sky
640(2)
Long-Range Investigations 642(22)
References 664(30)
Glossary 694(16)
Index 710(18)
Credits 728

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