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PART I ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHING AND LEARNING |
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1 | (100) |
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What Do I Need to Know About Today's Elementary Schools? |
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2 | (26) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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The Elementary School: Getting to Know It |
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4 | (4) |
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Primary and Elemiddle Schools |
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4 | (1) |
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Magnet Schools and Charter Schools |
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4 | (1) |
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Orientation Meetings for Teachers |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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Subjects of the Curriculum |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (2) |
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The Fundamental Characteristic of Exemplary Elementary School Education |
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8 | (7) |
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8 | (1) |
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Teachers and Reflective Decision Making |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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Commitment to Helping All Children Succeed in School |
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9 | (2) |
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Application Exercise 1.1: Reflecting on My Own Elementary School Experiences |
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11 | (2) |
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Application Exercise 1.2: Dialogue with a Teacher Candidate: ``Sole'' Mates |
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13 | (2) |
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Ways to Connect with Home, Community, and School |
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15 | (1) |
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Home and School Connections |
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15 | (1) |
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Service Learning and Place-Based Education |
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16 | (1) |
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Telecommunications Networks |
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16 | (1) |
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Professional Resources File |
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16 | (1) |
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The Emergent Overall Picture |
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16 | (6) |
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Key Trends and Practices Today |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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Curriculum Standards and High-Stakes Testing |
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19 | (2) |
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Problems and Issues That Trouble the Nation's Schools |
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21 | (1) |
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About Praxis and Other Teacher Tests |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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Extending My Professional Competency |
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23 | (1) |
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Praxis Warm-Up: A Constructed Response-Type Question |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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Online Portfolio Activities |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (4) |
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The Nature of the Challenge: What Do I Need to Know About Elementary Learners? |
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28 | (20) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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Dimensions of the Challenge |
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30 | (1) |
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The Classroom in a Nation of Diversity |
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30 | (1) |
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Supporting the Challenge: Learning Modalities, Learning Styles, Learning Capacities, and Implications for Teaching |
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31 | (3) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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The Three-Phase Learning Cycle |
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33 | (1) |
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Learning Capacities: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences |
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34 | (1) |
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Meeting the Challenge: Recognizing and Providing for Student Differences |
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34 | (10) |
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Instructional Practices That Provide for Student Differences: General Guidelines |
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35 | (1) |
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Developmental Characteristics of Children of Particular Age Groups |
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36 | (1) |
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Application Exercise 2.1: Obtaining Personal Insight Regarding the Age or Grade Level That I Might Prefer to Teach |
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37 | (2) |
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Application Exercise 2.2: Conversation with a Classroom Teacher |
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39 | (2) |
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Recognizing and Working with Students with Special Needs |
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41 | (3) |
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About Praxis and Other Teacher Tests |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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Extending My Professional Competency |
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44 | (1) |
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Praxis Warm-Up: A Constructed Response-Type Question |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Online Portfolio Activities |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (2) |
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What Are the Expectations, Responsibilities, and Facilitating Behaviors of a Classroom Teacher? |
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48 | (30) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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The Teacher's Professionalism and Commitment |
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50 | (9) |
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Noninstructional Responsibilities |
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50 | (1) |
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Instructional Responsibilities |
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51 | (2) |
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Application Exercise 3.1: Reviewing the Professional Responsibilities of a First-Year Teacher |
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53 | (6) |
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Identifying and Building Your Instructional Competencies |
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59 | (1) |
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Characteristics of the Competent Classroom Teacher: An Annotated Teacher Progress Report Card |
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59 | (1) |
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Teacher Behaviors That Facilitate Student Learning |
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59 | (1) |
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The Teacher as a Reflective Decision Maker |
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59 | (8) |
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Decision-Making Phases of Instruction |
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63 | (1) |
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Reflection, Locus of Control, and Teacher Responsibility |
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63 | (2) |
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Application Exercise 3.2: The Teacher as a Reflective Decision Maker |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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The Theoretical Origins of Teaching Styles and Their Relations to Constructivism |
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67 | (8) |
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Application Exercise 3.3: Using a Questionnaire to Develop a Profile and a Statement About My Own Emerging Teaching Style |
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69 | (6) |
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About Praxis and Other Teacher Tests |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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Extending My Professional Competency |
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76 | (1) |
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Praxis Warm-Up: A Constructed Response-Type Question |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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Online Portfolio Activities |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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What Do I Need to Know to Manage an Effective, Safe, and Supportive Learning Environment? |
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78 | (23) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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The Importance of Perceptions |
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80 | (1) |
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Classroom Control: Its Meaning---Past and Present |
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80 | (5) |
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Historical Meaning of Classroom Control |
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80 | (1) |
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Today's Meaning of Classroom Control and the Concept of Classroom Management |
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81 | (1) |
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Classroom Management: Contributions of Some Leading Authorities |
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81 | (4) |
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Developing My Own Effective Approach to Classroom Management |
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85 | (1) |
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Providing a Supportive Learning Environment |
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85 | (6) |
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Consider the Physical Layout |
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88 | (1) |
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Create a Positive Classroom Atmosphere |
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88 | (1) |
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Get to Know the Children as People and Build Intrinsic Motivation for Learning |
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88 | (3) |
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Preparation Provides Confidence and Success |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (5) |
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Application Exercise 4.1: Beginning the Development of My Management System |
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93 | (3) |
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About Praxis and Other Teacher Tests |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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Extending My Professional Competency |
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96 | (1) |
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Praxis Warm-Up: A Constructed Response-Type Question |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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Online Portfolio Activities |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (3) |
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PART II PLANNING FOR CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTION |
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101 | (86) |
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How Do I Plan and Select Content? |
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102 | (22) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (2) |
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Providing Successful Transitions |
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104 | (1) |
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Teacher-Student Collaborative Team Planning |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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Planning with Curriculum Standards That Provide Guidance |
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105 | (4) |
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What the National Standards Are |
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105 | (1) |
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National Standards by Content Area |
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105 | (2) |
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Application Exercise 5.1: Examining National Curriculum Standards |
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107 | (2) |
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Curriculum Standards and High-Stakes Testing |
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109 | (1) |
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Planning with State/District Documents That Provide Guidance for Content Selection |
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109 | (1) |
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Planning with Student Textbooks That Provide Guidance for Content Selection |
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110 | (2) |
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Differentiated Instruction |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (1) |
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Planning Sequencing of Content |
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112 | (1) |
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Preparing for and Dealing with Controversy |
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112 | (2) |
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Planning for Learning Outcomes: Goals and Objectives |
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114 | (1) |
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Planning with Instructional Objectives |
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114 | (1) |
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Learning Targets and Goal Indicators |
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114 | (1) |
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Planning with Domains of Learning and Developmental Needs of Children |
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115 | (4) |
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Cognitive Domain Hierarchy |
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115 | (1) |
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Affective Domain Hierarchy |
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116 | (1) |
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Psychomotor Domain Hierarchy |
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116 | (1) |
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Application Exercise 5.2: Preparing My Own Instructional Objectives |
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117 | (2) |
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119 | (1) |
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Planning with Integrated Curriculum |
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119 | (1) |
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About Praxis and Other Teacher Tests |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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Extending My Professional Competency |
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121 | (1) |
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Praxis Warm-Up: A Constructed Response-Type Question |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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Online Portfolio Activities |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (2) |
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How Do I Assess, Use, and Report Student Achievement? |
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124 | (26) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (2) |
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Authentic Assessment: Advantages and Limitations |
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127 | (1) |
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Three Avenues of Assessment |
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128 | (3) |
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Assessing What a Student Says and Does |
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128 | (1) |
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Assessing What a Student Writes |
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128 | (3) |
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Student Involvement in Assessment |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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Using Student Conferences |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (5) |
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Standardized and Nonstandardized Tests |
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132 | (3) |
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How to Explain Standardized Test Scores |
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135 | (2) |
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When Test Scores Are Printed Publicly |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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Preparing Assessment Items |
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137 | (1) |
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Types of Assessment Items: Descriptions, Examples, and Guidelines for Preparation and Use |
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138 | (5) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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Performance Assessment: Expensive and Intensive |
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140 | (1) |
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Application Exercise 6.1: Preparing Assessment Items |
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141 | (2) |
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Reporting: Maintaining Records of Student Achievement |
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143 | (1) |
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Recording Teacher Observations and Judgments |
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143 | (1) |
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Grading and Marking Student Achievement |
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143 | (3) |
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About Praxis and Other Teacher Tests |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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Extending My Professional Competency |
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146 | (1) |
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Praxis Warm-Up: A Constructed Response-Type Question |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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Online Portfolio Activities |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (3) |
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How Do I Prepare Activities, Lessons, and Units? |
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150 | (37) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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Understanding Theoretical Considerations for the Selection of Instructional Strategies |
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151 | (4) |
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Decision Making and Strategy Selection |
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152 | (1) |
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Explicit and Implicit Instruction: A Clarification of Terms |
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152 | (1) |
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Principles of Classroom Instruction and Learning: A Synopsis |
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153 | (1) |
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Explicit Versus Implicit Instructional Modes: Strengths and Limitations of Each |
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153 | (2) |
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Selecting Learning Activities That Are Developmentally Appropriate |
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155 | (8) |
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The Learning Experiences Ladder |
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155 | (1) |
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Direct, Simulated, and Vicarious Experiences Help Connect Student Learning |
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156 | (1) |
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Developing the Learning Activities: The Heart and Spirit of Lessons |
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157 | (2) |
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Application Exercise 7.1: Putting Objectives, Resources, and Learning Activities Together for a Teaching Plan |
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159 | (4) |
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Preparing Lesson Plans: Rationale and Assumptions |
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163 | (1) |
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Rationale for Preparing Written Lesson Plans |
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163 | (1) |
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Assumptions About Lesson Planning |
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164 | (1) |
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Constructing a Lesson Plan: Format, Components, and Samples |
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164 | (9) |
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Basic Elements of a Lesson Plan |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (5) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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Assessment, Reflection, and Revision |
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173 | (1) |
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Preparing Instructional Units |
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173 | (3) |
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Planning and Developing Any Unit of Instruction |
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174 | (2) |
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Unit Format, Inclusive Elements, and Time Duration |
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176 | (1) |
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Planning and Developing an Interdisciplinary Thematic Unit |
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176 | (8) |
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Application Exercise 7.2: Preparing a Lesson Plan |
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179 | (2) |
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Application Exercise 7.3: Preparing an Instructional Unit: Bringing It All Together |
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181 | (2) |
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About Praxis and Other Teacher Tests |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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Extending My Professional Competency |
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184 | (1) |
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Praxis Warm-Up: A Constructed Response-Type Question |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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Online Portfolio Activities |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (2) |
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PART III EFFECTIVE INSTRUCTION, TEACHER ASSESSMENT, AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT |
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187 | (114) |
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What Do I Need to Know to Use Teacher Talk and Questioning as Effective Instructional Tools? |
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188 | (24) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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Teacher Talk: Formal and Informal |
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189 | (8) |
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Teacher Talk: General Guidelines |
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189 | (2) |
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Teacher Talk: Specific Guidelines |
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191 | (5) |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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Purposes for Using Questioning |
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197 | (2) |
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Questions to Avoid Asking |
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199 | (1) |
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Types of Cognitive Questions |
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199 | (2) |
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199 | (1) |
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Convergent-Thinking Question |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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Divergent-Thinking Question |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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Student Thinking and Levels of Cognitive Questions |
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201 | (3) |
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Guidelines for Using Questioning |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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Questions from Students: The Question-Driven Classroom |
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204 | (5) |
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Questioning: The Cornerstone of Critical Thinking, Real-World Problem Solving, and Meaningful Learning |
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204 | (3) |
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Application Exercise 8.1: Practice in Raising Questions to Higher Levels |
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207 | (2) |
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About Praxis and Other Teacher Tests |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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Extending My Professional Competency |
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209 | (1) |
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Praxis Warm-Up: A Constructed Response-Type Question |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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Online Portfolio Activities |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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What Guidelines Assist My Use of Demonstrations, Thinking, Inquiry Learning, and Games? |
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212 | (22) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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Purposes of Demonstrations |
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213 | (1) |
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Guidelines for Using Demonstrations |
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214 | (1) |
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Teacher Thinking for Intelligent Behavior |
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214 | (3) |
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Characteristics of Intelligent Behavior |
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215 | (2) |
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Explicit Teaching for Thinking and Intelligent Behavior |
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217 | (1) |
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Inquiry Teaching and Discovery Learning |
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217 | (4) |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Skills of Discovery and Inquiry Learning |
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218 | (3) |
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Integrated Strategies for Integrated Learning |
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221 | (2) |
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Learning by Educational Games |
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223 | (7) |
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Classification of Educational Games |
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223 | (1) |
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Purposes of Educational Games |
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223 | (1) |
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Sources of Educational Games |
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224 | (3) |
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Application Exercise 9.1: Developing a Lesson Using Different Approaches: Inquiry Learning Level II, Thinking Skill Development, a Demonstration, or an Interactive Lecture---Peer Teaching |
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227 | (2) |
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About Praxis and Other Teacher Tests |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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Extending My Professional Competency |
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230 | (1) |
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Praxis Warm-Up: A Constructed Response-Type Question |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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Online Portfolio Activities |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (2) |
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What Guidelines Assist My Use of Groupings and Assignments to Promote Positive Interaction and Quality Learning? |
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234 | (28) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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Equality in the Classroom |
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236 | (3) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (4) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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Application Exercise 10.1: Whole-Class Discussion as a Teaching Strategy: Building on What I Already Know |
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241 | (2) |
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243 | (1) |
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Purposes for Using Small Groups |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (2) |
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The Cooperative Learning Group |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (2) |
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Peer Tutoring, Mentoring, and Cross-Age Coaching |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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Mastery Learning and Personalized Instruction |
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247 | (1) |
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Today's Emphasis: Mastery or Quality Learning for All Students |
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247 | (1) |
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Assumptions About Mastery or Quality Learning |
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247 | (1) |
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Components of Any Mastery Learning Model |
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247 | (1) |
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Strategies for Personalizing the Instruction: Working Toward Quality Learning |
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248 | (1) |
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Learning from Assignments and Homework |
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248 | (2) |
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Purposes for Homework Assignments |
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248 | (2) |
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Opportunities for Recovery |
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250 | (1) |
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How to Avoid the Paper Crush |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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Peer-Checking: Use with Caution |
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251 | (1) |
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Project-Centered Learning: Guiding Learning from Independent and Group Investigations, Papers, and Oral Reports |
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251 | (3) |
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Values and Purposes of Project-Centered Learning |
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252 | (1) |
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Guidelines for Guiding Students in Project-Centered Learning |
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252 | (1) |
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Writing Should Be a Required Component of Project-Centered Learning |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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Writing Across the Curriculum |
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254 | (4) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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About Praxis and Other Teacher Tests |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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Extending My Professional Competency |
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258 | (1) |
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Praxis Warm-Up: A Constructed Response-Type Question |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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Online Portfolio Activities |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (3) |
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How Can I Assess My Teaching Effectiveness and Continue My Professional Development? |
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262 | (39) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (8) |
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Through Student Teaching and Interning |
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263 | (1) |
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Student Teaching IS the Real Thing |
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264 | (1) |
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Getting Ready for Student Teaching |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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Comments from the University Supervisor |
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264 | (7) |
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Teaching Effectiveness Through E-Teaching: An Emergency E-Teaching Kit |
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271 | (6) |
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Purposes of E-Teaching with an Emergency E-Teaching Kit |
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271 | (1) |
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Developing an E-Teaching Kit with a Multidisciplinary Emphasis |
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271 | (2) |
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Application Exercise 11.1: Developing an Emergency E-Teaching Kit |
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273 | (4) |
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Finding a Teaching Position |
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277 | (5) |
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Guidelines for Locating a Teaching Position |
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277 | (1) |
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Through a Professional Career Portfolio |
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277 | (2) |
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Application Exercise 11.2: Development of a Professional Portfolio |
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279 | (2) |
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Resources for Locating Teaching Jobs |
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281 | (1) |
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State and Territorial Sources for Information About Credential and License Requirements |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (2) |
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282 | (2) |
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284 | (1) |
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Through Journals or Logbooks |
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284 | (1) |
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A Teachalogue for Reflection and Self-Assessment |
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284 | (1) |
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Professional Development Through Mentoring |
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284 | (1) |
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Professional Development Through In-Service and Study |
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284 | (1) |
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Professional Development Through Professional Organizations |
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284 | (2) |
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Professional Development Through Communications with Other Teachers |
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286 | (1) |
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Professional Development Through the Internet, Additional Training, and Workshops |
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286 | (1) |
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Professional Development Through Peer Teaching |
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287 | (10) |
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Application Exercise 11.3: Pulling It All Together: Peer Teaching |
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289 | (3) |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (2) |
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Form C: Teacher's Summative Peer Evaluation |
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295 | (2) |
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About Praxis and Other Teacher Tests |
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297 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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Extending My Professional Competency |
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297 | (1) |
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Praxis Warm-Up: A Constructed Response-Type Question |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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Online Portfolio Activities |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (2) |
Appendix: Hints for Short-Answer Response Questions: Praxis Warm-Ups |
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301 | (8) |
Glossary |
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309 | (10) |
Children's Literature Index |
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319 | (1) |
Name Index |
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320 | (4) |
Subject Index with Target Topics for Teacher Tests |
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324 | |