Contents

To improve the oarsman you must improve the man.

-- Steve Fairbairn on Rowing

Around the time I turned forty the unfinished novel manuscript went back in the drawer. I dropped the Buddhist mantra I had been worrying over like a string of beads. What I really wanted besides career and marriage and kids and comfort was, I decided, to learn how to row boats and how to race them: four- and eight-man boats first, then two-man boats, then, finally and preeminently, a single scull. If what followed is a story worth telling, it is a tale not of a champion but of an amateur, whose heart was stirred by boats and whose imagination was lifted by history. The oars gave me power but they also taught me humility.

I began to row on a whim a few years ago. A poster in a storefront caught my fancy; it announced a summer learn-to-row course at a local boat club. I had read a lot about the history of oared ships, and I had heard a little about the sport of rowing. Graduate school friends had spoken with reverence of their undergraduate rowing experience. For years, my favorite sport had been running, but lately a string of injuries had cast doubt on my future on the road. So I decided to give the rowing course a try.

It was not a case of love at first sight. The technical complexities of the stroke confused me. If my conditioning was up to par, my innate sense of grace and my ability to concentrate left a great deal to be desired. Rowing was a tough sport and I was not a natural. After a few lessons, rowing might have gone the way of other such midlife diversions as fly-fishing, wine-tasting, yoga, and the saxophone, one-week wonders all. Yet it has lasted. Why?

Certainly not because I became a star. I am a competent rower, but my enthusiasm far outstrips my talent. I kept on rowing, rather, because I love being on the water and because the oars spoke. Listen: they spun poetry out of equations drawn from fluid mechanics. They summoned the ghosts of other rowers, from nineteenth-century collegians to Nile boatmen. Mostly, though, they asked questions, tough questions about who I am and what I am made of. Could I learn to row? Could I row a race? Could I win one? And if I couldn't win, would all the miles on the water logged in, pursuing a mirage, have brought me somewhere worth going nonetheless? After twenty years in a profession, it was sweet to hear a beginner's questions again, sweet enough to inspire the search for answers which the following pages record. Or perhaps they merely lead to other questions.

I hope this book inspires others to row. Perhaps there is a nugget or two here of practical wisdom for experienced rowers seeking to improve their form. I am not an expert on rowing technique, however, and this is not a how-to book. Several fine handbooks do exist, and they are included in the list of Suggested Readings at the end of this book. As a professional historian, I speak with more authority on oared ships of the past. Rowing has attracted over the years writers, intellectuals, and artists. A small sample of their work will be found herein, in both the text and Suggested Readings: enough to whet the appetite, if not to do them justice, and more than enough to demonstrate my good fortune in having such high standards to emulate.

A word about rowing technique. The descriptions of proper form in this book are based on my own experience, on the advice of coaches, and on my reading in the literature. Not all rowing authorities agree, however. Many points remain debated or idiosyncratic. The style may make the man, but men and women make the styles.

I have tried to keep technical terms to a minimum, but the reader will have to master a few.Rowingrefers to a sport whose practitioners race in light, narrow boats propelled by oars. The practitioners are known asrowers, oarsmen,oroarswomen;the boats are known asshells.Each rower sits midway between the sides of the boat and, in what is known assweep rowing,each rower works one long oar. In sweep rowing, a racing shell comprising two rowers, each working one oar, is called apair;one with four rowers, each working one oar, is called afour.The most familiar racing shell, especially in high school and college competition, is theeight:that is, a shell of eight oars, four per side, one for each of the eight rowers; there is also acoxswain,who steers the boat. Seen from above, the pattern of oars in a sweep boat normally zigzags frombow(front) tostern(rear), alternating on thestarboard(right) andport(left) sides of the boat, distributing power almost symmetrically. The eight is the largest shell raced today, though theoretically a rowing boat might contain far more than eight rowers. The warships of classical Greece, for instance, were rowed by one hundred seventy oarsmen, eighty five per side, arranged on three vertical decks.

Now things begin to get interesting. Give a rower a pair of two short oars, rather than one long one, and it becomes possible for one person to row a shell by himself. What is lost in camaraderie is gained in symmetry and speed. All other things being equal, a person rowing a pair of short oars will be more efficient than two persons each rowing a long oar. Such a short oar is called ascull;two such oars are called a pair ofsculls.A shell worked by sculls is called asculling boator ascull;the rower working it, asculler;he rows orscullsthe boat. A shell worked by one sculler is called asingleor asingle scull;one worked by two scullers (for a total of four oars) is called adoubleordouble scull;one worked by four scullers (a total of eight oars) is called aquad;one also finds a scull worked by eight scullers (a total of sixteen oars), called anoctuple,but it is very rare indeed.

Sculling,as such rowing is called, is the main subject of this book. Sweep rowing receives some attention and indeed so dogalleys(oared ships) of the ancient world, but the heart of what follows concerns sculling. Sculling is not necessarily a solitary sport. But the single sculler, alone on the river at dawn, or spotlighted in his lane during a race, is the most romantic, the most quixotic figure in all rowing. And in a sport in which every rower, whether in a rowing boat or a scull, faces backward -- did I forget to mention that? -- the Quixote is a hero.

So much for technical terminology. As for personal details, they will occupy more than enough space in what follows. Still, it will be useful for the reader to know now that I live in a college town in the northeast where I teach ancient history at a university. Facing backward, therefore, is second nature to me.

Nobody writes alone. I am extremely grateful to Harry Parker for his generosity in writing the foreword. I owe a great debt to my agents, Glen Hartley and Lynne Chu. I would especially like to thank Caroline Sutton and her colleagues at Scribner for their advice and encouragement.

I owe debts to too many friends and teammates, past and present, at the Cascadilla Boat Club (Ithaca, New York) to thank them all, but among those whom I would like to mention are Michael Bevans, Xavier Buff, Burke Carson, Stefan Cherry, Matthew Clark, Kelly Craft, Linda Godfrey, Herbert Gottfried, Bryan Hoffman, Richard Lungstrum, Bill Reymond, Julie Schuck, Julie Teeter, Mary Elizabeth Vault, and Barry Wintner. I am very grateful to Jan Rogowicz for his coaching and his patience. Michael Flamini, John Hale, Eugenia Kiesling, Ned Lebow, Adrienne Mayor, Josiah Ober, and Donald Webber-Plank read early drafts of the manuscript and provided advice and encouragement. John Ferriss looked over the text with an expert eye. I take responsibility for any errors that in spite of this help may remain. I would also like to thank John Ackerman, Alvin Bernstein, George Bumgardner, Paul Cartledge, Frank DiMeo, Katherine Gottschalk, Victor Hanson, Philip Harris, Mark Hartsuyker, Graham Hodges, Gail Holst-Warhaft, Donald Kagan, Sandra Kisner, Arthur Kover, Terry Laughlin, Ann and David McCann, Tim McKinney, Ronna Mogelon, Lauren Osborne, Mickey Pearlman, Isabel Rachlin, Boris Rankov, Judith Reppy, Nicholas Salvatore, Elaine Scott, Lee Sims, Anne Sullivan, Zellman Warhaft, Margaret Washington, Ford Weiskittel, and the Carnegie Lake Rowing Association.

My parents, Aaron and Diane Strauss, encouraged my writing, endured my athletic ups and downs, and awakened my interest in sports history on a boyhood trip to Cooperstown, New York. That great lady, my mother-in-law, the late Lila Mogelon, took the time, however ill, to read and cheer my writing, as did my late father-in-law, Alex. My wife, Marcia, patiently endured my absences on the water and carefully read my manuscript. She encouraged me every step of the way. My daughter, Sylvie, and son, Michael, provided love and laughter. While I was writing this book Michael was stricken with a savage illness. His strength and courage in fighting it are the envy of any athlete. I dedicate this book to him.

Copyright © 1999 by Barry Strauss

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Excerpted from Rowing Against the Current: On Learning to Scull at Forty by Barry S. Strauss
All rights reserved by the original copyright owners. Excerpts are provided for display purposes only and may not be reproduced, reprinted or distributed without the written permission of the publisher.