| Acknowledgments |
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xi | |
| Abbreviations |
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xiii | |
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3 | (24) |
| Part One: Tsung-mi's Life |
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27 | (66) |
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Classical Background (780-804) |
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28 | (5) |
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Ch'an Training and the Scripture of Perfect Enlightenment (804-810) |
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33 | (25) |
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Ch'eng-kuan and Hua-yen (810-816) |
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58 | (10) |
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Early Scholarship (816-828) |
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68 | (5) |
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Literati Connections (828-835) |
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73 | (12) |
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The Sweet Dew Incident (835) |
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85 | (3) |
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Later Years and Death (835-841) |
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88 | (5) |
| Part Two: Doctrinal Classification |
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93 | (22) |
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The Hermeneutical Problem in Buddhism |
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93 | (11) |
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104 | (11) |
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Doctrinal Classification in the Hua-yen Tradition |
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115 | (21) |
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Chih-yen's Classification Schemes |
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117 | (10) |
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Fa-tsang's Classification Scheme |
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127 | (7) |
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Tsung-mi's Classification Scheme |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (18) |
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The Sudden Teaching According to Fa-tsang |
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137 | (5) |
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The Problematical Nature of the Sudden Teaching |
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142 | (2) |
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The Sudden Teaching and Ch'an |
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144 | (2) |
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The Sudden Teaching in Tsung-mi's Thought |
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146 | (8) |
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154 | (19) |
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The Samadhi of Oceanic Reflection |
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154 | (3) |
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157 | (5) |
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The Shift from Shih-shih wu-ai to Li-shih wu-ai |
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162 | (3) |
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The Teaching that Reveals the Nature |
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165 | (2) |
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The Scripture of Perfect Enlightenment |
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167 | (6) |
| Part Three: The Ground of Practice |
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A Cosmogonic Map for Buddhist Practice |
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173 | (33) |
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The Five Stages of Phenomenal Evolution |
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173 | (14) |
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Nature Origination and Conditioned Origination |
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187 | (5) |
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Sudden Enlightenment Followed by Gradual Cultivation |
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192 | (4) |
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Tsung-mi's Ten-Stage Model |
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196 | (10) |
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206 | (18) |
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A Cosmogony-Derived P'an-chiao |
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206 | (3) |
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Tsung-mi's Theory of Religious Language |
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209 | (7) |
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216 | (2) |
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The Tathagatagarbha Critique of Emptiness |
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218 | (6) |
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Tsung-mi's Critique of Ch'an |
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224 | (31) |
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224 | (6) |
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Critique of the Different Types of Ch'an |
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230 | (14) |
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244 | (11) |
| Part Four: The Broader Intellectual Tradition |
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Confucianism and Taoism in Tsung-mi's Thought |
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255 | (40) |
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Tsung-mi's Extension of P'an-chiao to the Two Teachings |
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256 | (5) |
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Tsung-mi's Critique of Confucianism and Taoism |
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261 | (18) |
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The Teaching of Men and Gods |
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279 | (6) |
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Tsung-mi's Synthesis of Confucianism and Taoism |
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285 | (8) |
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Tsung-mi's Intellectual Personality |
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293 | (2) |
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Tsung-mi and Neo-Confucianism |
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295 | (18) |
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Chu Hsi's Critique of the Buddhist Understanding of Nature |
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297 | (7) |
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304 | (2) |
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The Problem of Predication |
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306 | (3) |
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309 | (4) |
| Appendix I A Note on Biographical Sources |
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313 | (2) |
| Appendix II A Note on Tsung-mi's Writings |
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315 | (12) |
| Glossary |
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327 | (8) |
| Bibliography |
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335 | (20) |
| Index |
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355 | |