Preface |
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ix | |
Acknowledgments |
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xi | |
Introduction |
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1 | (12) |
Part I THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS: DEVELOPING YOUR OWN LANGUAGE TEACHING PRINCIPLES |
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13 | (142) |
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From Grammatical to Communicative Approaches |
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15 | (14) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (3) |
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19 | (3) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (6) |
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26 | (1) |
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Readings, Reflection, and Discussion |
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26 | (3) |
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The Classroom as an Environment for Language Acquisition |
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29 | (20) |
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29 | (1) |
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A Comparison Between First and Second Language Acquisition |
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30 | (6) |
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The Process of Learning a Second Language |
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36 | (4) |
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Language Acquisition in the Classroom |
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40 | (5) |
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Early Research on Acquisition in Second Language Classrooms |
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45 | (4) |
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46 | (1) |
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Readings, Reflection, and Discussion |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (21) |
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49 | (1) |
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The Zone of Proximal Development and Social Interaction |
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50 | (5) |
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The Nature of the Language of Social Interaction |
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55 | (5) |
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Instructed Grammar: When Can It Help? |
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60 | (5) |
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Output and the Acquisition Process |
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65 | (5) |
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66 | (1) |
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Readings, Reflection, and Discussion |
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67 | (3) |
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Participatory Language Teaching |
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70 | (22) |
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70 | (2) |
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Empowerment in the Language Classroom |
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72 | (2) |
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What Is Participatory Language Teaching? |
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74 | (3) |
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77 | (4) |
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Meeting Standards Through Participatory Teaching and Learning |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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Learning Strategies and Autonomy |
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83 | (9) |
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89 | (1) |
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Readings, Reflection, and Discussion |
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90 | (2) |
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Literacy Development and Skills Integration |
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92 | (18) |
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92 | (1) |
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A Natural Language Framework |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (3) |
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Reading as an Interactive Process |
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98 | (3) |
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Facilitating the Reading Experience |
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101 | (1) |
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Writing as an Interactive Process |
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102 | (2) |
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Facilitating the Writing Experience |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (4) |
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107 | (1) |
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Readings, Reflection, and Discussion |
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108 | (2) |
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110 | (20) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (3) |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (4) |
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Creating a Positive School and Community Environment |
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121 | (9) |
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127 | (1) |
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Readings, Reflection, and Discussion |
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127 | (3) |
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Language Assessment and Standards |
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130 | (25) |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (3) |
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135 | (4) |
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Making Evaluation an Integral Part of the Classroom Environment |
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139 | (7) |
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Standards for ESL and Foreign Language Teaching |
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146 | (9) |
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151 | (1) |
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Readings, Reflection, and Discussion |
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152 | (3) |
Part II EXPLORING METHODS AND ACTIVITIES: WHAT CAN WE LEARN? |
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155 | (142) |
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Physical Involvement in the Language Learning Process |
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157 | (12) |
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157 | (1) |
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The Total Physical Response |
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158 | (7) |
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165 | (4) |
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166 | (1) |
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Readings, Reflection, and Discussion |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (29) |
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169 | (1) |
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The Natural Approach: How It Has Evolved |
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170 | (5) |
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175 | (5) |
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180 | (5) |
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Speech Emergence and Beyond |
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185 | (8) |
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Expansions of the Natural Approach |
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193 | (5) |
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195 | (1) |
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Readings, Reflection, and Discussion |
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196 | (2) |
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Chants, Music, and Poetry |
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198 | (15) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (3) |
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202 | (4) |
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206 | (7) |
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210 | (1) |
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Readings, Reflection, and Discussion |
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210 | (3) |
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Storytelling, Role Play, and Drama |
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213 | (19) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (7) |
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222 | (4) |
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226 | (6) |
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230 | (1) |
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Readings, Reflection, and Discussion |
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230 | (2) |
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232 | (10) |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (3) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (3) |
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240 | (1) |
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Readings, Reflection, and Discussion |
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240 | (2) |
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Ways to Promote Literacy Development |
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242 | (37) |
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242 | (1) |
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The Language Experience Approach |
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243 | (3) |
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Literature-Based Curriculum |
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246 | (21) |
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267 | (5) |
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Advanced Academic Literacy |
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272 | (7) |
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275 | (1) |
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Readings, Reflection, and Discussion |
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276 | (3) |
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279 | (18) |
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279 | (1) |
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How Did Affective Activities Come About? |
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280 | (1) |
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What Is the Teacher's Role? |
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281 | (2) |
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When Can Affective Activities Be Used? |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (2) |
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286 | (11) |
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295 | (1) |
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Readings, Reflection, and Discussion |
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295 | (2) |
Part III PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER: SOME PRACTICAL ISSUES |
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297 | (78) |
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298 | (1) |
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Foreign Language Programs |
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298 | (3) |
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301 | (33) |
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301 | (1) |
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Integration of Methods and Activities |
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302 | (4) |
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Deciding the Focus of the Program |
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306 | (4) |
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Using Peer Teachers and Lay Assistants |
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310 | (5) |
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Cooperative Learning as a Management Technique |
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315 | (3) |
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318 | (6) |
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Theme Cycles/Investigative Inquiry |
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324 | (1) |
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Infusing Standards Into the Curriculum |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (2) |
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328 | (6) |
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330 | (1) |
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Readings, Reflection, and Discussion |
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331 | (3) |
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Tools for Teaching Languages: Textbooks, Computer Programs, Videos, and Film |
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334 | (19) |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (5) |
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340 | (8) |
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348 | (1) |
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349 | (4) |
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350 | (1) |
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Readings, Reflection, and Discussion |
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350 | (3) |
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Teaching Language Through the Content Areas: Program Designs and Political Implications |
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353 | (22) |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (2) |
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356 | (1) |
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Bilingual Education in the United States |
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357 | (8) |
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Program Possibilities for English Language Learners |
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365 | (5) |
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Program Possibilities for Foreign Language Students |
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370 | (5) |
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371 | (1) |
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Readings, Reflection, and Discussion |
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371 | (4) |
Part IV PROGRAMS IN ACTION |
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375 | (90) |
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377 | (43) |
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A College English Language Program |
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378 | (7) |
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A University Support Program: Project LEAP |
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385 | (8) |
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A Life-Skills Adult Basic Education Program |
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393 | (5) |
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A Secondary Sheltered English Program |
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398 | (5) |
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A High School ESL Academic Program: Humanitas |
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403 | (2) |
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An Elementary District-Wide Program |
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405 | (9) |
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A Kindergarten ESL Program within a Spanish Bilingual School |
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414 | (6) |
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Foreign Language Programs |
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420 | (26) |
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A Village Immersion Program for Global Understanding, Language Development, and Maintenance |
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421 | (8) |
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A French Immersion Program for Elementary Students |
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429 | (4) |
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A Bicultural Institute for Children, Adolescents, and Adults |
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433 | (4) |
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A Middle School Spanish Language Program |
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437 | (5) |
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A High School Spanish Program |
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442 | (4) |
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Two-Way Bilingual Programs |
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446 | (19) |
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A Developmental Dual Language Program: Spanish/English |
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446 | (8) |
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An Immersion Dual Language Program: Cantonese/English |
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454 | (11) |
Part V RELATED READINGS |
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465 | (42) |
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The Social Politics and the Cultural Politics of Language Classrooms |
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467 | (13) |
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The Personal and Collective Transformation of Teachers |
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480 | (27) |
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506 | (1) |
Part VI CASE STUDIES |
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507 | (12) |
References |
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519 | (30) |
Index |
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549 | |